Incomplete transcriptional dosage compensation of chicken and platypus sex chromosomes is balanced by post- transcriptional compensation

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Lister, Nicholas C.; Milton, Ashley M.; Patel, Hardip R.; Waters, Shafagh A.; Hanrahan, Benjamin J.; McIntyre, Kim L.; Livernois, Alexandra M.; Horspool, William B.; Wee, Lee Kian; Ringel, Alessa R.; Mundlos, Stefan; Robson, Michael I.; Shearwin-Whyatt, Linda; Grutzner, Frank; Graves, Jennifer A. Marshall; Ruiz-Herrera, Aurora; Waters, Paul D.
• 署名单位: University of New South Wales Sydney; Australian National University; John Curtin School of Medical Research; Australian National University; University of New South Wales Sydney; Max Planck Society; Free University of Berlin; Humboldt University of Berlin; Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin; Free University of Berlin; Humboldt University of Berlin; Free University of Berlin; Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Institute of Health; University of Edinburgh; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Medical Research Council UK (MRC); University of Adelaide; La Trobe University; University of Canberra; Autonomous University of Barcelona; Autonomous University of Barcelona
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-11353
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2322360121
• 发表日期: 2024-08-06
• 关键词: x-linked genes; up-regulation; expression; EVOLUTION; mammals; reveals; hypothesis; rna

摘要

Heteromorphic sex chromosomes (XY or ZW) present problems of gene dosage imbalance between sexes and with autosomes. A need for dosage compensation has long been thought to be critical in vertebrates. However, this was questioned by findings of unequal mRNA abundance measurements in monotreme mammals and birds. Here, we demonstrate unbalanced mRNA levels of X genes in platypus males and females and a correlation with differential loading of histone modifications. We also observed unbalanced transcripts of Z genes in chicken. Surprisingly, however, we found that protein abundance ratios were 1:1 between the sexes in both species, indicating a post- transcriptional layer of dosage compensation. We conclude that sex chromosome output is maintained in chicken and platypus (and perhaps many other non therian vertebrates) via a combination of transcriptional and post- transcriptional control, consistent with a critical importance of sex chromosome dosage compensation.