A global assessment of plant-mite mutualism and its ecological drivers

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Myers, Andrew; Martin, Bruce; Yonenaga, Jenna; Agrawal, Anurag A.; Weber, Marjorie G.
• 署名单位: University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Michigan State University; University of California System; University of California Davis; Cornell University
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-10863
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309475121
• 发表日期: 2024-11-19
• 关键词: leaf domatia; overwintering sites; biotic interactions; acari phytoseiidae; natural enemies; EVOLUTION; abundance; phylogenies; morphology; nectaries

摘要

Mutualisms are mediated by adaptive traits of interacting organisms and play a central role in the ecology and evolution of species. Thousands of plant species possess tiny structures called domatia that house mites which protect plants from pests, yet these traits remain woefully understudied. Here, we release a worldwide database of species with mite domatia and provide an evaluation of the phylogenetic and geographic distribution of this mutualistic trait. With >2,500 additions based on digital herbarium scans and published reports, we increased the number of known species with domatia by 27% and, importantly, documented their absence in >4,000 species. We show that mite domatia likely evolved hundreds of times among flowering plants, occurring in an estimated similar to 10% of woody species representing over a quarter of all angiosperm families. Contrary to classic hypotheses about the evolutionary drivers of mutualism, we find that mite domatia evolved more frequently in temperate regions and in deciduous lineages; this pattern is concordant with a large-scale geographic transition from predominantly ant-based plant defense mutualisms in the tropics to mite-based defense mutualisms in temperate climates. Our data also reveal a pattern of evolutionary convergence in domatia morphology, with tuft-form domatia more likely to evolve in dry temperate habitats and pit domatia more likely to evolve in wet tropical environments. We have shown climate-associated drivers of mite domatia evolution, demonstrating their utility and power as an evolutionarily replicated system for the study of plant defense mutualisms.