Urban environments increase generalization of hummingbird- plant networks across climate gradients

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Maruyama, Pietro Kiyoshi; Bosenbecker, Camila; Cardoso, Joao Custodio F.; Sonne, Jesper; Ballarin, Caio S.; Souza, Camila S.; Leguizamon, Johana; Lopes, Ariadna Valentina; Maglianesi, Maria A.; Otarola, Mauricio Fernandez; Parra, Juan L.; Pena, Joao Carlos; Ramirez-Burbano, Monica B.; Rodriguez-Flores, Claudia I.; Rech, Andre R.; Zanata, Thais B.; Acevedo-Quintero, Juan Fernando; Almeida, Gabriela; Anselmo, Pedro Amaral; Amorim, Felipe W.; Montoya-Arango, Sergio; Araujo, Andrea Cardoso; Araujo, Francielle Paulina de; Arizmendi, Maria del Coro; Brito, Lucilene; Castillo-Garcia, Alejandra; Cherutte, Amanda Graciela; Costa, Carolina Figueredo; Ferreira, Fernando Henrique Santos; Filho, Manoel Martins Dias; Frota, Angelica Vilas Boas da; Iepsen, Alice Scheer; Freitas, Leandro; Almeida, Ingrid Gabriela de; Gomes, Ana Caroline Silva; Hachuy-Filho, Leandro; Lara, Carlos; Lasprilla, Liliana Rosero; Llano, Julian; Nakamura, Vivian; Neto, Edvaldo Nunes; Nunes, Cristiane Estrela C.; Machado, Caio Graco; Maianne, Monique; Gomez, Oscar Marin-; Marquez-Luna, Ubaldo; Mendes, Ruara Soares; Mesa, Juan Guillermo; Oliveira, Rafael; Lima-Passos, Jeane; Pereira, Janayna Andreza S.; Restrepo-Gonzalez, Alejandro; Rigotto, Sarah Mendonca; Rodrigues, Bruno Magro; Rui, Ana Maria; Ruiz, Diana Betancur; Sandoval, Luis; Santana, Carina Araujo; Silva, Jessica Luiza S.; Silva, Larissa Lais; Santos, Vinicius Calda; Silva, Paulo Antonio; Vargas-Espinosa, Maria Cristina; Vitorino, Breno Dias; Wolowski, Marina; Sazima, Ivan; Sazima, Marlies; Dalsgaard, Bo; Vizentin-Bugoni, Jeferson; Oliveira, Paulo E.
• 署名单位: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Universidade Federal de Uberlandia; Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto; University of Copenhagen; Universidade Estadual Paulista; Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros; Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia (UPTC); Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED); Universidad Costa Rica; Universidad de Antioquia; Universidade Estadual Paulista; Corporacion Universitaria Minuto de Dios (UNIMINUTO); El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR); Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM); Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso; Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul; Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS); Universidade do Oeste Paulista; Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos; Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso; Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia (UPTC); Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul; Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos; Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos; Universidade de Sao Paulo; Universidad del Quindio; Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS); Universidade Federal do Parana; Universidade Federal do Parana; Universidade Federal de Alfenas; Universidade Federal de Alfenas; Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Universidade de Sao Paulo; Universidade Estadual de Campinas; University of Copenhagen; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Universidade Federal de Uberlandia
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-10856
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2322347121
• 发表日期: 2024-11-26
• 关键词: functional diversity; biodiversity; nestedness; FRAMEWORK; resource; traits

摘要

Urbanization has reshaped the distribution of biodiversity on Earth, but we are only beginning to understand its effects on ecological communities. While urbanization may have homogenization effects strong enough to blur the large- scale patterns in interaction networks, urban community patterns may still be associated with climate gradients reflecting large- scale biogeographical processes. Using 103 hummingbird-plant mutualistic networks across continental Americas, including 176 hummingbird and 1,180 plant species, we asked how urbanization affects species interactions over large climate gradients. Urban networks were more generalized, exhibiting greater interaction overlap. Higher generalization was also associated with lower precipitation in both urban and natural areas, indicating that climate affects networks irrespective of habitat type. Urban habitats also showed lower hummingbird functional trait diversity and over/ underrepresentation of specific clades. From the plant side, urban communities had a higher prevalence of nonnative nectar plants, which were more frequently visited by the hummingbird species occurring in both urban and natural areas. Therefore, urbanization affected hummingbird-plant interactions through both the composition of species and traits, as well as floral resource availability. Taken together, we show that urbanization consistently modifies ecological communities and their interactions, but climate still plays a role in affecting the structure of these novel communities over the scale of continents.