Climate change and California's terrestrial biodiversity

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Harrison, Susan; Franklin, Janet; Hernandez, Rebecca R.; Ikegami, Makihiko; Safford, Hugh D.; Thorne, James H.
• 署名单位: University of California System; University of California Davis; California State University System; San Diego State University; University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Davis; National Institute for Environmental Studies - Japan
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-10661
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310074121
• 发表日期: 2024-08-06
• 关键词: solar-energy development; forest structure; sierra-nevada; global change; fire; impacts; CONSERVATION; refugia; shifts; communities

摘要

In this review and synthesis, we argue that California is an important test case for the nation and world because terrestrial biodiversity is very high, present and anticipated threats to biodiversity from climate change and other interacting stressors are severe, and innovative approaches to protecting biodiversity in the context of climate change are being developed and tested. We first review salient dimensions of California's terrestrial physical, biological, and human diversity. Next, we examine four facets of the threat to their sustainability of these dimensions posed by climate change: direct impacts, illustrated by a new analysis of shifting diversity hotspots for plants; interactive effects involving invasive species, land- use change, and other stressors; the impacts of changing fire regimes; and the impacts of land- based renewable energy development. We examine recent policy responses in each of these areas, representing attempts to better protect biodiversity while advancing climate adaptation and mitigation. We conclude that California's ambitious 30 x 30 Initiative and its efforts to harmonize biodiversity conservation with renewable energy development are important areas of progress. Adapting traditional suppression- oriented fire policies to the reality of new fire regimes is an area in which much progress remains to be made.