Transport and energetics of bacterial rectification
成果类型：
Article
署名作者：
Anand, Satyam; Ma, Xiaolei; Guo, Shuo; Martiniani, Stefano; Cheng, Xiang
署名单位：
New York University; New York University; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; New York University
刊物名称：
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
ISSN/ISSBN：
0027-9696
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2411608121
发表日期：
2024-12-24
关键词：
摘要：
Randomly moving active particles can be herded into directed motion by asymmetric geometric structures. Although such a rectification process has been extensively studied due to its fundamental, biological, and technological relevance, a comprehensive understanding of active matter rectification based on single particle dynamics remains elusive. Here, by combining experiments, simulations, and theory, we study the directed transport and energetics of swimming bacteria navigating through funnel-shaped obstacles-a paradigmatic model of rectification of living active matter. We develop a microscopic parameter-free model for bacterial rectification, which quantitatively explains experimental and numerical observations and predicts the optimal geometry for the maximum rectification efficiency. Furthermore, we quantify the degree of time irreversibility and measure the extractable work associated with bacterial rectification. Our study provides quantitative solutions to long-standing questions on bacterial rectification and establishes a generic relationship between time irreversibility, particle fluxes, and extractable work, shedding light on the energetics of nonequilibrium rectification processes in living systems.