Ancient evolutionary origins of hepatitis E virus in rodents

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Jo, Wendy K.; Cassiano, Murilo Henrique Anzolini; de Oliveira-Filho, Edmilson Ferreira; Bruenink, Sebastian; Yansanjav, Adiya; Yihune, Mesele; Koshkina, Alyona I.; Lukashev, Alexander N.; Lavrenchenko, Leonid A.; Lebedev, Vladimir S.; Olayemi, Ayodeji; Bangura, Umaru; Salas- Rojask, Monica; Aguilar-Setienk, Alvaro; Fichet- Calvetj, Elisabeth; Drexlera, Jan Felix
• 署名单位: Free University of Berlin; Humboldt University of Berlin; Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin; Free University of Berlin; Humboldt University of Berlin; Mongolian Academy of Sciences; Addis Ababa University; Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; Russian Academy of Sciences; Saratov Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Severtsov Institute of Ecology & Evolution; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Obafemi Awolowo University; Njala University; Leibniz Association; Bernhard Nocht Institut fur Tropenmedizin
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-9258
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2413665121
• 发表日期: 2024-12-09

摘要

Hepatitis E virus (HEY; family Hepeviridae) infections cause >40,000 human deaths annually. Zoonotic infections predominantly originate from ungulates and occasionally from rats, highlighting the zoonotic potential of rodent- associated hepeviruses. We conducted host genomic data mining and uncovered two genetically divergent rodent- associated hepeviruses, and two bat- associated hepeviruses genetically related to known bat- associated strains. We thus analyzed 2,565 liver specimens from 108 rodent and shrew species sampled from globally understudied regions and hosts in Africa, Asia, and Latin America during 2011- 2018 for hepeviruses by RT-PCR. We detected 63 positive field samples (2.5%, 95% CI 1.9- 3.1) from 14 animal species, including two coinfections with genetically divergent strains and significant variation (X-2, P < 0.001) in detection rates between study sites. Strain- specific qRT-PCR assays showed virus concentrations between 9.2 x 10(2) and 3.2 x 10(9) copies/g. We recovered 24 near- complete hepeviral genomes from rodents, shrews, and bats, all showing three partially overlapping open reading frames (ORFs), some including putative late domains that may be associated with quasi- envelopment. Rodent- derived hepeviruses grouped into five clades clustering in basal sister relationship to human- (31 to 84% distance in translated ORF1-3) and rat- associated HEY. Parsimony- based analyses and cophylogenetic reconciliations revealed that rodents were predominant sources of hepeviral cross- order host shifts. Bayesian ancestral state reconstructions substantiated a direct origin of human- associated HEY in ungulates such as swine and camelids (posterior probability 0.8), whereas the nonrecent evolutionary origins of human- and ungulate- associated HEYwere projected to rodent hosts (posterior probability > 0.9). Our results elucidate the genealogy of human HEY and warrant increased surveillance and experimental risk assessments for rodent- associated hepeviruses.