Substrate recruitment via eIF2γ enhances catalytic efficiency of a holophosphatase that terminates the integrated stress response

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Yan, Yahui; Shetty, Maithili; Harding, Heather P.; George, Ginto; Zyryanova, Alisa; Labbe, Katherine; Mafi, Amirhossein; Hao, Qi; Sidrauski, Carmela; Ron, David; Hinnebusch, Alan
• 署名单位: University of Cambridge
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-9131
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320013121
• 发表日期: 2024-04-02
• 关键词: endoplasmic-reticulum; cryo-em; translation; dephosphorylation; inhibition; subunit; phosphorylation; refinement; reveals; ppp1r15

摘要

Dephosphorylation of pSer51 of the alpha subunit of translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2 alpha P) terminates signaling in the integrated stress response (ISR). A trimeric mammalian holophosphatase comprised of a protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) catalytic subunit, the conserved C- terminally located -70 amino acid core of a substrate- specific regulatory subunit (PPP1R15A/GADD34 or PPP1R15B/CReP) and G - actin (an essential cofactor) efficiently dephosphorylate eIF2 alpha P in vitro. Unlike their viral or invertebrate counterparts, with whom they share the conserved 70 residue core, the mammalian PPP1R15s are large proteins of more than 600 residues. Genetic and cellular observations point to a functional role for regions outside the conserved core of mammalian PPP1R15A in dephosphorylating its natural substrate, the eIF2 trimer. We have combined deep learning technology, all - atom molecular dynamics simulations, X - ray crystallography, and biochemistry to uncover binding of the gamma subunit of eIF2 to a short helical peptide repeated four times in the functionally important N terminus of human PPP1R15A that extends past its conserved core. Binding entails insertion of Phe and Trp residues that project from one face of an alpha-helix formed by the conserved repeats of PPP1R15A into a hydrophobic groove exposed on the surface of eIF2 gamma in the eIF2 trimer. Replacing these conserved Phe and Trp residues with Ala compromises PPP1R15A function in cells and in vitro. These findings suggest mechanisms by which contacts between a distant subunit of eIF2 and elements of PPP1R15A distant to the holophosphatase active site contribute to dephosphorylation of eIF2 alpha P by the core PPP1R15 holophosphatase and to efficient termination of the ISR in mammals.