Longitudinal trajectories of brain development from infancy to school age and their relationship with literacy development

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Turesky, Ted K.; Escalante, Elizabeth S.; Loh, Megan; Gaab, Nadine
• 署名单位: Harvard University
• 刊物名称: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0027-8466
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2414598122
• 发表日期: 2025-06-17
• 关键词: event-related potentials; white-matter development; familial risk; socioeconomic-status; language ability; early-childhood; dyslexic brain; oral language; gray-matter; mr-images

摘要

Reading is one of the most complex skills that we utilize daily, and it involves the early development and interaction of various lower- level subskills, including phonological processing and oral language. These subskills recruit brain structures, which begin to develop long before the skill manifests and exhibit rapid development during infancy. However, how longitudinal trajectories of early brain development in these structures support long- term acquisition of literacy subskills and subsequent reading is unclear. Children underwent structural and diffusion MRI scanning at multiple timepoints between infancy and second grade and were tested for literacy subskills in preschool and decoding and word reading in early elementary school. We developed and implemented a reproducible pipeline to generate longitudinal trajectories of early brain development. We then examined whether these trajectories were associated with literacy (sub) skills or influenced by familial risk of reading difficulty and children's home literacy differences in curve features (e.g., intercepts and slopes) for longitudinal trajectories of volumetric, surface- based, and white matter organization measures were linked directly to phonological processing and indirectly to early elementary school decoding and word brain bases of phonological processing, previously identified as one of the strongest behavioral predictors of decoding and word reading skills, may already begin to develop study underscores the importance of considering academic skill acquisition from the very beginning of life.