Environmental impacts of genetically modified crops

• 成果类型: Review
• 署名作者: Noack, Frederik; Engist, Dennis; Gantois, Josephine; Gaur, Vasundhara; Hyjazie, Batoule F.; Larsen, Ashley; M'Gonigle, Leithen K.; Missirian, Anouch; Qaim, Matin; Sargent, Risa D.; Souza-Rodrigues, Eduardo; Kremen, Claire
• 署名单位: University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia; New York University; University of British Columbia; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; Simon Fraser University; INRAE; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; University of Bonn; University of Bonn; University of Toronto; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
• 刊物名称: SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0036-14011
• DOI: 10.1126/science.ado9340
• 发表日期: 2024-08-30
• 关键词: plant-breeding technologies; bt cotton; agricultural biotechnology; pesticide reductions; brazilian amazon; risk-assessment; glyphosate; adoption; biodiversity; tillage

摘要

Genetically modified (GM) crops have been adopted by some of the world's leading agricultural nations, but the full extent of their environmental impact remains largely unknown. Although concerns regarding the direct environmental effects of GM crops have declined, GM crops have led to indirect changes in agricultural practices, including pesticide use, agricultural expansion, and cropping patterns, with profound environmental implications. Recent studies paint a nuanced picture of these environmental impacts, with mixed effects of GM crop adoption on biodiversity, deforestation, and human health that vary with the GM trait and geographic scale. New GM or gene-edited crops with different traits would likely have different environmental and human health impacts.