Multi-omics landscape and molecular basis of radiation tolerance in a tardigrade

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Li, Lei; Ge, Zhengping; Liu, Shihao; Zheng, Kun; Li, Yaqi; Chen, Kaiqi; Fu, Yesheng; Lei, Xiaoguang; Cui, Zeling; Wang, Yifan; Huang, Jin; Liu, Yanyan; Duan, Mingwang; Sun, Zimei; Chen, Jun; Li, Liangwei; Shen, Pan; Wang, Guibin; Chen, Junmiao; Li, Ruochong; Li, Chaoran; Yang, Zhixiang; Ning, Yifan; Luo, Arong; Chen, Baoyu; Seim, Inge; Liu, Xin; Wang, Fei; Yao, Yishan; Guo, Fusheng; Yang, Maojun; Liu, Cui Hua; Fan, Guangyi; Wang, Lizhi; Yang, Dong; Zhang, Lingqiang
• 署名单位: Qingdao University; Southern Theater Command General Hospital; Peking University; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory; University of South China; Anhui Medical University; Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI); Tsinghua University; Hebei University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Zoology, CAS; Shaanxi Xueqian Normal University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Deep-Sea Science & Engineering, CAS; Academy of Military Medical Sciences - China; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Microbiology, CAS
• 刊物名称: SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0036-9950
• DOI: 10.1126/science.adl0799
• 发表日期: 2024-10-25
• 关键词: horizontal gene-transfer; species delimitation; betalains; biosynthesis; translocation; proteins; genomics; survival; mice; TREE

摘要

Tardigrades are captivating organisms known for their resilience in extreme environments, including ultra-high-dose radiation, but the underlying mechanisms of this resilience remain largely unknown. Using genome, transcriptome, and proteome analysis of Hypsibius henanensis sp. nov., we explored the molecular basis contributing to radiotolerance in this organism. A putatively horizontally transferred gene, DOPA dioxygenase 1 (DODA1), responds to radiation and confers radiotolerance by synthesizing betalains-a type of plant pigment with free radical-scavenging properties. A tardigrade-specific radiation-induced disordered protein, TRID1, facilitates DNA damage repair through a mechanism involving phase separation. Two mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly proteins, BCS1 and NDUFB8, accumulate to accelerate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) regeneration for poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) and subsequent poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1)-mediated DNA damage repair. These three observations expand our understanding of mechanisms of tardigrade radiotolerance.