Glaciation of liquid clouds, snowfall, and reduced cloud cover at industrial aerosol hot spots

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Toll, Velle; Rahu, Jorma; Keernik, Hannes; Trofimov, Heido; Voormansik, Tanel; Manshausen, Peter; Hung, Emma; Michelson, Daniel; Christensen, Matthew W.; Post, Piia; Junninen, Heikki; Murray, Benjamin J.; Lohmann, Ulrike; Watson-Parris, Duncan; Stier, Philip; Donaldson, Norman; Storelvmo, Trude; Kulmala, Markku; Bellouin, Nicolas
• 署名单位: University of Tartu; University of Tartu Institute of Physics; University of Oxford; Environment & Climate Change Canada; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; University of Leeds; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Oslo; University of Helsinki; University of Reading
• 刊物名称: SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0036-11171
• DOI: 10.1126/science.adl0303
• 发表日期: 2024-11-15
• 页码: 756-762
• 关键词: ice-nucleating particle; feldspar; weather; ability; water

摘要

The ability of anthropogenic aerosols to freeze supercooled cloud droplets remains debated. In this work, we present observational evidence for the glaciation of supercooled liquid-water clouds at industrial aerosol hot spots at temperatures between -10 degrees and -24 degrees C. Compared with the nearby liquid-water clouds, shortwave reflectance was reduced by 14% and longwave radiance was increased by 4% in the glaciation-affected regions. There was an 8% reduction in cloud cover and an 18% reduction in cloud optical thickness. Additionally, daily glaciation-induced snowfall accumulations reached 15 millimeters. Glaciation events downwind of industrial aerosol hot spots indicate that anthropogenic aerosols likely serve as ice-nucleating particles. However, rare glaciation events downwind of nuclear power plants indicate that factors other than aerosol emissions may also play a role in the observed glaciation events.