Superstable lipid vacuoles endow cartilage with its shape and biomechanics

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Ramos, Raul; Pham, Kim T.; Prince, Richard C.; Leiser-Miller, Leith B.; Prasad, Maneeshi S.; Wang, Xiaojie; Nordberg, Rachel C.; Bielajew, Benjamin J.; Hu, Jerry C.; Yamaga, Kosuke; Oh, Ji Won; Peng, Tao; Datta, Rupsa; Astrowskaja, Aksana; Almet, Axel A.; Burns, John T.; Liu, Yuchen; Guerrero-Juarez, Christian Fernando; Tran, Bryant Q.; Chu, Yi-Lin; Nguyen, Anh M.; Hsi, Tsai-Ching; Lim, Norman T. -L.; Schoeniger, Sandra; Liu, Ruiqi; Pai, Yun-Ling; Vadivel, Chella K.; Ingleby, Sandy; McKechnie, Andrew E.; van Breukelen, Frank; Hoehn, Kyle L.; Rasweiler, John J.; Kohara, Michinori; Loughry, William J.; Weldy, Scott H.; Cosper, Raymond; Yang, Chao-Chun; Lin, Sung-Jan; Cooper, Kimberly L.; Santana, Sharlene E.; Bradley, Jeffrey E.; Kiebish, Michael A.; Digman, Michelle; James, David E.; Merrill, Amy E.; Nie, Qing; Schilling, Thomas F.; Astrowski, Aliaksandr A.; Potma, Eric O.; Garcia-Castro, Martin I.; Athanasiou, Kyriacos A.; Behringer, Richard R.; Plikus, Maksim V.
• 署名单位: University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of California System; University of California Riverside; State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Buffalo, SUNY; Yonsei University; Yonsei University Health System; Kyungpook National University (KNU); Kyungpook National University (KNU); Kyungpook National University Hospital (KNUH); University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Irvine; Grodno State Medical University; University of California System; University of California Irvine; Nanyang Technological University; National Institute of Education (NIE) Singapore; Leipzig University; National Taiwan University; National Taiwan University; University of Copenhagen; Australian Museum; University of Pretoria; South African National Biodiversity Institute; Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE); University of Nevada Las Vegas; University of New South Wales Sydney; State University of New York (SUNY) System; SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science; University System of Georgia; Valdosta State University; National Cheng Kung University; National Cheng Kung University Hospital; National Cheng Kung University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of Sydney; University of Sydney; University of Southern California; National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (NASB); Institute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Compounds of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus; University of Texas System; UTMD Anderson Cancer Center
• 刊物名称: SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0036-8306
• DOI: 10.1126/science.ads9960
• 发表日期: 2025-01-10
• 关键词: neural crest; EVOLUTION; DISCOVERY; cells

摘要

Conventionally, the size, shape, and biomechanics of cartilages are determined by their voluminous extracellular matrix. By contrast, we found that multiple murine cartilages consist of lipid-filled cells called lipochondrocytes. Despite resembling adipocytes, lipochondrocytes were molecularly distinct and produced lipids exclusively through de novo lipogenesis. Consequently, lipochondrocytes grew uniform lipid droplets that resisted systemic lipid surges and did not enlarge upon obesity. Lipochondrocytes also lacked lipid mobilization factors, which enabled exceptional vacuole stability and protected cartilage from shrinking upon starvation. Lipid droplets modulated lipocartilage biomechanics by decreasing the tissue's stiffness, strength, and resilience. Lipochondrocytes were found in multiple mammals, including humans, but not in nonmammalian tetrapods. Thus, analogous to bubble wrap, superstable lipid vacuoles confer skeletal tissue with cartilage-like properties without packing foam-like extracellular matrix.