Emergence and interstate spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) in dairy cattle in the United States

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Thao-Quyen Nguyen; Hutter, Carl R.; Markin, Alexey; Thomas, Megan; Lantz, Kristina; Killian, Mary Lea; Janzen, Garrett M.; Vijendran, Sriram; Wagle, Sanket; Inderski, Blake; Magstadt, Drew R.; Li, Ganwu; Diel, Diego G.; Frye, Elisha Anna; Dimitrov, Kiril M.; Swinford, Amy K.; Thompson, Alexis C.; Snekvik, Kevin R.; Suarez, David L.; Lakin, Steven M.; Schwabenlander, Stacey; Ahola, Sara C.; Johnson, Kammy R.; Baker, Amy L.; Robbe-Austerman, Suelee; Torchetti, Mia Kim; Anderson, Tavis K.
• 署名单位: United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); USDA Agricultural Research Service; Iowa State University; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); USDA Agricultural Research Service; Iowa State University; Iowa State University; Cornell University; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Washington State University; Washington State University; United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); USDA Agricultural Research Service
• 刊物名称: SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0036-13373
• DOI: 10.1126/science.adq0900
• 发表日期: 2025-04-25
• 关键词: virus outbreak; h5n1; Heterogeneity; selection; alignment; sites; seals

摘要

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses cross species barriers and have the potential to cause pandemics. In North America, HPAI A(H5N1) viruses related to the goose/Guangdong 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin phylogenetic clade have infected wild birds, poultry, and mammals. Our genomic analysis and epidemiological investigation showed that a reassortment event in wild bird populations preceded a single wild bird-to-cattle transmission episode. The movement of asymptomatic or presymptomatic cattle has likely played a role in the spread of HPAI within the United States dairy herd. Some molecular markers that may lead to changes in transmission efficiency and phenotype were detected at low frequencies. Continued transmission of H5N1 HPAI within dairy cattle increases the risk for infection and subsequent spread of the virus to human populations.