Cryptic infection of a giant virus in a unicellular green alga

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Erazo-Garcia, Maria P.; Sheyn, Uri; Barth, Zachary K.; Craig, Rory J.; Wessman, Petronella; Jivaji, Abdeali M.; Ray, W. Keith; Svensson-Coelho, Maria; Cornwallis, Charlie K.; Rengefors, Karin; Brussaard, Corina P. D.; Moniruzzaman, Mohammad; Aylward, Frank O.
• 署名单位: Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; Lund University; Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University; Utrecht University; Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ); University of Amsterdam; University of Miami; Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University
• 刊物名称: SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0036-10329
• DOI: 10.1126/science.ads6303
• 发表日期: 2025-05-15
• 关键词: chlamydomonas; genome; EVOLUTION; reveals; host; integration; retrotransposons; COMPETITION; ELEMENTS

摘要

Latency is a common strategy in a wide range of viral lineages, but its prevalence in giant viruses remains unknown. In this work, we describe a 617-kilo-base pairs integrated giant viral element in the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We resolved the integrated viral genome using long-read sequencing, identified a putative polintovirus-like integrase, and show that viral particles accumulate primarily during the stationary growth phase. A diverse array of viral-encoded selfish genetic elements is expressed during viral activity, including several Fanzor nuclease-encoding transposable elements. In addition, we show that field isolates of Chlamydomonas spp. harbor signatures of endogenous giant viruses related to the C. reinhardtii virus that exhibit similar infection dynamics, suggesting that giant virus latency is prevalent in natural host communities. Our work describes an unusually large temperate virus of a unicellular eukaryote, substantially expanding the scope of cryptic viral infections in the virosphere.