Origins and diversity of Greenland's Qimmit revealed with genomes of ancient and modern sled dogs

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Feuerborn, T. R.; Appelt, M.; Bougiouri, K.; Bachmann, L.; Nielsen, I. Broman; Buckley, R. M.; Egevang, C.; Diaz-Maroto, P. Fernandez; Gopalakrishnan, S.; Gotfredsen, A. B.; Gregersen, K. M.; Gronnow, B.; Jensen, M. Lund; Madsen, C. K.; Markussen, U.; Midtdal, A.; Schmidt, A. L.; Armero, A. Serres; Vitale, E.; Wiig, O.; Zhang, G.; Dalen, L.; Frantz, L. A. F.; Gilbert, M. T. P.; Meldgaard, M.; Ostrander, E. A.; Sinding, M. -h. s.; Hansen, A. J.
• 署名单位: National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI); University of Copenhagen; University of Copenhagen; Swedish Museum of Natural History; University of Copenhagen; University of Oslo; Zhejiang University; University of Copenhagen; Swedish Museum of Natural History; Stockholm University; University of Munich; University of Copenhagen
• 刊物名称: SCIENCE
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0036-8468
• DOI: 10.1126/science.adu1990
• 发表日期: 2025-07-10
• 页码: 163-168
• 关键词: admixture; wolves

摘要

The Qimmeq (Greenland sled dog) has worked continuously with the Inuit in Greenland for more than 800 years. However, they now face drastic population declines caused by climate change, urbanization, and competition from snowmobiles. This study sequenced 92 modern and ancient genomes to investigate how centuries of isolation shaped the regional Qimmeq populations and the impact of European contact. We found distinct regional populations and evidence for two migrations of dogs into Greenland with the Inuit from Canada. Furthermore, we found that there is minimal European ancestry in present day Qimmit and limited recent inbreeding despite low heterozygosity. These insights are critical for conservation efforts aimed at preserving the Qimmit amid environmental changes and cultural transitions. Qimmip (kalaallit qimuttuat) ukiut 800-t sinnerlugit Kalaallit Nunaanni Inuit kipiuitsumik suleqatigisarivai. Taamaakkaluartoq silap pissusiata allanngoriartornera, illoqarfimmut nutserneq aamma qamuteralannit unammillerneqarnerat peqqutaallutik qimmit taakkua maanna sukkasuumik ikiliartorput. Misissuinermi uani kinguaariissusaannut tunngasut tulleriiaarneri nutaajunerit pisoqaanerusullu 92-iusut paasineqarpoq, taakkua ukiuni hunnorujukkuutaani avinngarusimanerisa nunap ilaani Qimmit amerlassusaannut aamma Europamiunik naapitsinerup sunniuteqarsimanerinik misissuititsipput. Inuit Canadameersut ilagalugit Kalaallit Nunaannut qimmit assigiinngitsuni marlunni nuussimanerannut uppernarsaatit nunap ilaanni qimmini nassaaraagut. Tamatuma saniatigut ullumikkut Qimmit nagguii Europameersuunerat annikitsuaraavoq aamma heterozygot-iuallaanngikkaluarlutik piffissami qanittumi qanigisariissillugit kinguaassiortinneqarsimanerat killeqarpoq. Paasisat ukua avatangiisit allanngoriartorneranni aamma kulturikkut nikeriarfimmi Qimmit tammatsaaliornissaannut suliniutinut pingaaruteqarluinnarput.