Dearomatization drives complexity generation in freshwater organic matter

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Li, Siyu; Harir, Mourad; Bastviken, David; Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe; Gonsior, Michael; Enrich-Prast, Alex; Valle, Juliana; Hertkorn, Norbert
• 署名单位: Helmholtz Association; Helmholtz-Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health; Technical University of Munich; Linkoping University; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science; Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP)
• 刊物名称: Nature
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0028-6969
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07210-9
• 发表日期: 2024-04-25
• 关键词: o-quinone methides; asymmetric transformations; boreal lake; carbon; phenol; oxygen; photodegradation; enhancement; variability; reactivity

摘要

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is one of the most complex, dynamic and abundant sources of organic carbon, but its chemical reactivity remains uncertain 1-3 . Greater insights into DOM structural features could facilitate understanding its synthesis, turnover and processing in the global carbon cycle 4,5 . Here we use complementary multiplicity-edited 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra to quantify key substructures assembling the carbon skeletons of DOM from four main Amazon rivers and two mid-size Swedish boreal lakes. We find that one type of reaction mechanism, oxidative dearomatization (ODA), widely used in organic synthetic chemistry to create natural product scaffolds 6-10 , is probably a key driver for generating structural diversity during processing of DOM that are rich in suitable polyphenolic precursor molecules. Our data suggest a high abundance of tetrahedral quaternary carbons bound to one oxygen and three carbon atoms (OCqC3 units). These units are rare in common biomolecules but could be readily produced by ODA of lignin-derived and tannin-derived polyphenols. Tautomerization of (poly)phenols by ODA creates non-planar cyclohexadienones, which are subject to immediate and parallel cycloadditions. This combination leads to a proliferation of structural diversity of DOM compounds from early stages of DOM processing, with an increase in oxygenated aliphatic structures. Overall, we propose that ODA is a key reaction mechanism for complexity acceleration in the processing of DOM molecules, creation of new oxygenated aliphatic molecules and that it could be prevalent in nature. Using complementary multiplicity-edited 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, oxidative dearomatization is shown to be a key driver for generating structural diversity during processing of dissolved organic matter and the data also suggest high abundance of OCqC3 units.