A site-resolved two-dimensional quantum simulator with hundreds of trapped ions

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Guo, S. -A.; Wu, Y. -K.; Ye, J.; Zhang, L.; Lian, W. -Q.; Yao, R.; Wang, Y.; Yan, R. -Y.; Yi, Y. -J.; Xu, Y. -L.; Li, B. -W.; Hou, Y. -H.; Xu, Y. -Z.; Guo, W. -X.; Zhang, C.; Qi, B. -X.; Zhou, Z. -C.; He, L.; Duan, L. -M.
• 署名单位: Tsinghua University; Hefei National Laboratory
• 刊物名称: Nature
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0028-5586
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07459-0
• 发表日期: 2024-06-20
• 页码: 613-+
• 关键词: computational advantage

摘要

A large qubit capacity and an individual readout capability are two crucial requirements for large-scale quantum computing and simulation(1). As one of the leading physical platforms for quantum information processing, the ion trap has achieved a quantum simulation of tens of ions with site-resolved readout in a one-dimensional Paul trap(2-4) and of hundreds of ions with global observables in a two-dimensional (2D) Penning trap(5,6). However, integrating these two features into a single system is still very challenging. Here we report the stable trapping of 512 ions in a 2D Wigner crystal and the sideband cooling of their transverse motion. We demonstrate the quantum simulation of long-range quantum Ising models with tunable coupling strengths and patterns, with or without frustration, using 300 ions. Enabled by the site resolution in the single-shot measurement, we observe rich spatial correlation patterns in the quasi-adiabatically prepared ground states, which allows us to verify quantum simulation results by comparing the measured two-spin correlations with the calculated collective phonon modes and with classical simulated annealing. We further probe the quench dynamics of the Ising model in a transverse field to demonstrate quantum sampling tasks. Our work paves the way for simulating classically intractable quantum dynamics and for running noisy intermediate-scale quantum algorithms(7,8) using 2D ion trap quantum simulators.