Signatures of hybridization of multiple Majorana zero modes in a vortex

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Liu, Tengteng; Wan, Chun Yu; Yang, Hao; Zhao, Yujun; Xie, Bangjin; Zheng, Weiyan; Yi, Zhaoxia; Guan, Dandan; Wang, Shiyong; Zheng, Hao; Liu, Canhua; Fu, Liang; Liu, Junwei; Li, Yaoyi; Jia, Jinfeng
• 署名单位: Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Hefei National Laboratory; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Southern University of Science & Technology
• 刊物名称: Nature
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0028-5437
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07857-4
• 发表日期: 2024-09-05
• 页码: 71-+
• 关键词: topological crystalline insulator; fermions; spectroscopy; transitions; STATES

摘要

Majorana zero modes (MZMs) are emergent zero-energy topological quasiparticles that are their own antiparticles(1,2). Detected MZMs are spatially separated and electrically neutral, so producing hybridization between MZMs is extremely challenging in superconductors(3,4). Here, we report the magnetic field response of vortex bound states in superconducting topological crystalline insulator SnTe (001) films. Several MZMs were predicted to coexist in a single vortex due to magnetic mirror symmetry. Using a scanning tunnelling microscope equipped with a three-axis vector magnet, we found that the zero-bias peak (ZBP) in a single vortex exhibits an apparent anisotropic response even though the magnetic field is weak. The ZBP can robustly extend a long distance of up to approximately 100 nm at the (001) surface when the magnetic field is parallel to the (1 $(1) over bar $0)-type mirror plane, otherwise it displays an asymmetric splitting. Our systematic simulations demonstrate that the anisotropic response cannot be reproduced with trivial ZBPs. Although the different MZMs cannot be directly distinguished due to the limited energy resolution in our experiments, our comparisons between experimental measurements and theoretical simulations strongly support the existence and hybridization of symmetry-protected multiple MZMs. Our work demonstrates a way to hybridize different MZMs by controlling the orientation of the magnetic field and expands the types of MZM available for tuning topological states.