Architecture and activation mechanism of the bacterial PARIS defence system

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Deep, Amar; Liang, Qishan; Enustun, Eray; Pogliano, Joe; Corbett, Kevin D.
• 署名单位: University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego
• 刊物名称: Nature
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0028-5544
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07772-8
• 发表日期: 2024-10-10
• 关键词: bacteriophage t7; t4 phage; cryo-em; protein; ocr

摘要

Bacteria and their viruses (bacteriophages or phages) are engaged in an intense evolutionary arms race(1-5). While the mechanisms of many bacterial antiphage defence systems are known(1), how these systems avoid toxicity outside infection yet activate quickly after infection is less well understood. Here we show that the bacterial phage anti-restriction-induced system (PARIS) operates as a toxin-antitoxin system, in which the antitoxin AriA sequesters and inactivates the toxin AriB until triggered by the T7 phage counterdefence protein Ocr. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we show that AriA is related to SMC-family ATPases but assembles into a distinctive homohexameric complex through two oligomerization interfaces. In uninfected cells, the AriA hexamer binds to up to three monomers of AriB, maintaining them in an inactive state. After Ocr binding, the AriA hexamer undergoes a structural rearrangement, releasing AriB and allowing it to dimerize and activate. AriB is a toprim/OLD-family nuclease, the activation of which arrests cell growth and inhibits phage propagation by globally inhibiting protein translation through specific cleavage of a lysine tRNA. Collectively, our findings reveal the intricate molecular mechanisms of a bacterial defence system triggered by a phage counterdefence protein, and highlight how an SMC-family ATPase has been adapted as a bacterial infection sensor.