An ancient ecospecies of Helicobacter pylori

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Tourrette, Elise; Torres, Roberto C.; Svensson, Sarah L.; Matsumoto, Takashi; Miftahussurur, Muhammad; Fauzia, Kartika Afrida; Alfaray, Ricky Indra; Vilaichone, Ratha-Korn; Vo Phuoc Tuan; Wang, Difei; Yadegar, Abbas; Olsson, Lisa M.; Zhou, Zhemin; Yamaoka, Yoshio; Thorell, Kaisa; Falush, Daniel
• 署名单位: Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, CAS; Oita University; Airlangga University; Thammasat University; Thammasat University; Cho Ray Hospital; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI); Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research; Shahid Beheshti University Medical Sciences; University of Gothenburg; Soochow University - China; Baylor College of Medicine; Oita University; University of Gothenburg
• 刊物名称: Nature
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0028-4570
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07991-z
• 发表日期: 2024-11-07
• 页码: 178-+
• 关键词: peptic-ulcer disease; population; EVOLUTION; alignment; sequence; resistance; HISTORY; urease

摘要

Helicobacter pylori disturbs the stomach lining during long-term colonization of its human host, with sequelae including ulcers and gastric cancer(1,2). Numerous H. pylori virulence factors have been identified, showing extensive geographic variation(1). Here we identify a 'Hardy' ecospecies of H. pylori that shares the ancestry of 'Ubiquitous' H. pylori from the same region in most of the genome but has nearly fixed single-nucleotide polymorphism differences in 100 genes, many of which encode outer membrane proteins and host interaction factors. Most Hardy strains have a second urease, which uses iron as a cofactor rather than nickel(3), and two additional copies of the vacuolating cytotoxin VacA. Hardy strains currently have a limited distribution, including in Indigenous populations in Siberia and the Americas and in lineages that have jumped from humans to other mammals. Analysis of polymorphism data implies that Hardy and Ubiquitous coexisted in the stomachs of modern humans since before we left Africa and that both were dispersed around the world by our migrations. Our results also show that highly distinct adaptive strategies can arise and be maintained stably within bacterial populations, even in the presence of continuous genetic exchange between strains.