Computational microscopy with coherent diffractive imaging and ptychography

• 成果类型: Review
• 署名作者: Miao, Jianwei
• 署名单位: University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
• 刊物名称: Nature
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0028-1553
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08278-z
• 发表日期: 2025-01-09
• 页码: 281-295
• 关键词: 3-dimensional atomic-structure; primary-wave fields; phase-retrieval; electron ptychography; RESOLUTION; reconstruction; DYNAMICS; crystallography; tomography; magnitude

摘要

Microscopy and crystallography are two essential experimental methodologies for advancing modern science. They complement one another, with microscopy typically relying on lenses to image the local structures of samples, and crystallography using diffraction to determine the global atomic structure of crystals. Over the past two decades, computational microscopy, encompassing coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) and ptychography, has advanced rapidly, unifying microscopy and crystallography to overcome their limitations. Here, I review the innovative developments in CDI and ptychography, which achieve exceptional imaging capabilities across nine orders of magnitude in length scales, from resolving atomic structures in materials at sub-angstrom resolution to quantitative phase imaging of centimetre-sized tissues, using the same principle and similar computational algorithms. These methods have been applied to determine the 3D atomic structures of crystal defects and amorphous materials, visualize oxygen vacancies in high-temperature superconductors and capture ultrafast dynamics. They have also been used for nanoscale imaging of magnetic, quantum and energy materials, nanomaterials, integrated circuits and biological specimens. By harnessing fourth-generation synchrotron radiation, X-ray-free electron lasers, high-harmonic generation, electron microscopes, optical microscopes, cutting-edge detectors and deep learning, CDI and ptychography are poised to make even greater contributions to multidisciplinary sciences in the years to come.