Structured ionized winds shooting out from a quasar at relativistic speeds

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Audard, Marc; Awaki, Hisamitsu; Ballhausen, Ralf; Bamba, Aya; Behar, Ehud; Boissay-Malaquin, Rozenn; Brenneman, Laura; Brown, Gregory V.; Corrales, Lia; Costantini, Elisa; Cumbee, Renata; Trigo, Maria Diaz; Done, Chris; Dotani, Tadayasu; Ebisawa, Ken; Eckart, Megan; Eckert, Dominique; Enoto, Teruaki; Eguchi, Satoshi; Ezoe, Yuichiro; Foster, Adam; Fujimoto, Ryuichi; Fujita, Yutaka; Fukazawa, Yasushi; Fukushima, Kotaro; Furuzawa, Akihiro; Gallo, Luigi; Garcia, Javier A.; Gu, Liyi; Guainazzi, Matteo; Hagino, Kouichi; Hamaguchi, Kenji; Hatsukade, Isamu; Hayashi, Katsuhiro; Hayashi, Takayuki; Hell, Natalie; Hodges-Kluck, Edmund; Hornschemeier, Ann; Ichinohe, Yuto; Ishida, Manabu; Ishikawa, Kumi; Ishisaki, Yoshitaka; Kaastra, Jelle; Kallman, Timothy; Kara, Erin; Katsuda, Satoru; Kanemaru, Yoshiaki; Kelley, Richard; Kilbourne, Caroline; Kitamoto, Shunji; Kobayashi, Shogo; Kohmura, Takayoshi; Kubota, Aya; Leutenegger, Maurice; Loewenstein, Michael; Maeda, Yoshitomo; Markevitch, Maxim; Matsumoto, Hironori; Matsushita, Kyoko; Mccammon, Dan; Mcnamara, Brian; Mernier, Francois; Miller, Eric D.; Miller, Jon M.; Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki; Mizumoto, Misaki; Mizuno, Tsunefumi; Mori, Koji; Mukai, Koji; Murakami, Hiroshi; Mushotzky, Richard; Nakajima, Hiroshi; Nakazawa, Kazuhiro; Ness, Jan-Uwe; Nobukawa, Kumiko; Nobukawa, Masayoshi; Noda, Hirofumi; Odaka, Hirokazu; Ogawa, Shoji; Ogorzalek, Anna; Okajima, Takashi; Ota, Naomi; Paltani, Stephane; Petre, Robert; Plucinsky, Paul; Porter, Frederick Scott; Pottschmidt, Katja; Sato, Kosuke; Sato, Toshiki; Sawada, Makoto; Seta, Hiromi; Shidatsu, Megumi; Simionescu, Aurora; Smith, Randall; Suzuki, Hiromasa; Szymkowiak, Andrew; Takahashi, Hiromitsu; Takeo, Mai; Tamagawa, Toru; Tamura, Keisuke; Tanaka, Takaaki; Tanimoto, Atsushi; Tashiro, Makoto; Terada, Yukikatsu; Terashima, Yuichi; Tsuboi, Yohko; Tsujimoto, Masahiro; Tsunemi, Hiroshi; Tsuru, Takeshi G.; Uchida, Hiroyuki; Uchida, Nagomi; Uchida, Yuusuke; Uchiyama, Hideki; Ueda, Yoshihiro; Uno, Shinichiro; Vink, Jacco; Watanabe, Shin; Williams, Brian J.; Yamada, Satoshi; Yamada, Shinya; Yamaguchi, Hiroya; Yamaoka, Kazutaka; Yamasaki, Noriko; Yamauchi, Makoto; Yamauchi, Shigeo; Yaqoob, Tahir; Yoneyama, Tomokage; Yoshida, Tessei; Yukita, Mihoko; Zhuravleva, Irina; Braito, Valentina; Condo, Pierpaolo; Fukumura, Keigo; Gonzalez, Adam; Luminari, Alfredo; Miyamoto, Aiko; Mizukawa, Ryuki; Reeves, James; Sato, Riki; Tombesi, Francesco; Xu, Yerong
• 署名单位: University of Geneva; Ehime University; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; University of Tokyo; Technion Israel Institute of Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Baltimore County; Smithsonian Institution; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Durham University; University of Tokyo; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA); Institute of Space & Astronautical Science (ISAS); Kyoto University; Tokyo Metropolitan University; Hiroshima University; Fujita Health University; Saint Marys University - Canada; California Institute of Technology; European Space Agency; European Space Research & Technology Centre; University of Miyazaki; RIKEN; Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; Saitama University; Rikkyo University; Tokyo University of Science; Tokyo University of Science; Shibaura Institute of Technology; University of Osaka; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Waterloo; Nagoya University; Hiroshima University; Tohoku Gakuin University; Kanto Gakuin University; European Space Agency; European Space Astronomy Center; Kindai University (Kinki University); Nara University Education; Tohoku University; Nara Womens University; Kyoto Sangyo University; Meiji University; Yale University; Konan University; Kagoshima University; Chuo University; Shizuoka University; Kyoto University; University of Amsterdam; Johns Hopkins University; University of Chicago; Istituto Nazionale Astrofisica (INAF); Catholic University of America; University of Trento; University of Rome Tor Vergata; James Madison University; Istituto Nazionale Astrofisica (INAF); Istituto Nazionale Astrofisica (INAF)
• 刊物名称: Nature
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0028-2438
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08968-2
• 发表日期: 2025-05-29
• 关键词: supermassive black-holes; x-ray outflow; luminous quasar; feedback; coevolution; driven; agn

摘要

Evidence indicates that supermassive black holes (SMBHs) exist at the centres of most galaxies. Their mass correlates with the galactic bulge mass1, suggesting a coevolution with their host galaxies2, most likely through powerful winds3. X-ray observations have detected highly ionized winds outflowing at sub-relativistic speeds from the accretion disks around SMBHs4,5. However, the limited spectral resolution of present X-ray instruments has left the physical structure and location of the winds poorly understood, hindering accurate estimates of their kinetic power6,7. Here the first X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM) observation of the luminous quasar PDS 456 is reported. The high-resolution spectrometer Resolve aboard XRISM enabled the discovery of five discrete velocity components outflowing at 20-30% of the speed of light. This demonstrates that the wind structure is highly inhomogeneous, which probably consists of up to a million clumps. The mass outflow rate is estimated to be 60-300 solar masses per year, with the wind kinetic power exceeding the Eddington luminosity limit. Compared with the galaxy-scale outflows, the kinetic power is more than three orders of magnitude larger, whereas the momentum flux is ten times larger. These estimates disfavour both energy-driven and momentum-driven outflow models. This suggests that such wind activity occurs in less than 10% of the quasar phase and/or that its energy/momentum is not efficiently transferred to the galaxy-scale outflows owing to the clumpiness of the wind and the interstellar medium.