Observing anyonization of bosons in a quantum gas

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Dhar, Sudipta; Wang, Botao; Horvath, Milena; Vashisht, Amit; Zeng, Yi; Zvonarev, Mikhail B.; Goldman, Nathan; Guo, Yanliang; Landini, Manuele; Naegerl, Hanns-Christoph
• 署名单位: University of Innsbruck; University of Innsbruck; Universite Libre de Bruxelles; Universite Paris Saclay; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite PSL; College de France; Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Sorbonne Universite
• 刊物名称: Nature
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0028-2336
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09016-9
• 发表日期: 2025-06-05
• 关键词: fractional statistics; realization; anyons

摘要

Anyons1,2 are low-dimensional quasiparticles that obey fractional statistics, hence interpolating between bosons and fermions. In two dimensions, they exist as elementary excitations of fractional quantum Hall states3, 4-5 and are believed to enable topological quantum computing6,7. One-dimensional anyons have been theoretically proposed, but their experimental realization has proven to be difficult. Here we observed emergent anyonic correlations in a one-dimensional strongly interacting quantum gas, resulting from the phenomenon of spin-charge separation8, 9-10. A mobile impurity provides the necessary spin degree of freedom to engineer anyonic correlations in the charge sector and simultaneously acts as a probe to reveal these correlations. Starting with bosons, we tune the statistical phase to transmute bosons through anyons to fermions and observe an asymmetric momentum distribution11, 12, 13-14, a hallmark of anyonic correlations. Going beyond equilibrium conditions, we observed dynamical fermionization of the anyons15. This study opens the door to the exploration of non-equilibrium anyonic phenomena in a highly controllable setting15, 16-17.