PLA2G15 is a BMP hydrolase and its targeting ameliorates lysosomal disease

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Nyame, Kwamina; Xiong, Jian; Alsohybe, Hisham N.; de Jong, Arthur P. H.; Pena, Isabelle V.; de Miguel, Ricardo; Brummelkamp, Thijn R.; Hartmann, Guido; Nijman, Sebastian M. B.; Raaben, Matthijs; Simcox, Judith A.; Blomen, Vincent A.; Abu-Remaileh, Monther
• 署名单位: Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; Netherlands Cancer Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Stanford University
• 刊物名称: Nature
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0028-0974
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08942-y
• 发表日期: 2025-06-12
• 关键词: niemann-pick-disease; bis(monoacylglycerol) phosphate; lysobisphosphatidic acid; phospholipase a(2); rat-liver; mouse; death

摘要

Lysosomes catabolize lipids and other biological molecules, maintaining cellular and organismal homeostasis. Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP), a major lipid constituent of intralysosomal vesicles, stimulates lipid-degrading enzymes and is altered in various human conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases1,2. Although lysosomal BMP synthase was recently discovered3, the enzymes mediating BMP turnover remain elusive. Here we show that lysosomal phospholipase PLA2G15 is a physiological BMP hydrolase. We further demonstrate that the resistance of BMP to lysosomal hydrolysis arises from its unique sn2, sn2 ' esterification position and stereochemistry, as neither feature alone confers resistance. Purified PLA2G15 catabolizes most BMP species derived from cell and tissue lysosomes. Furthermore, PLA2G15 efficiently hydrolyses synthesized BMP stereoisomers with primary esters, challenging the long-held thought that BMP stereochemistry alone ensures resistance to acid phospholipases. Conversely, BMP with secondary esters and S,S stereoconfiguration is stable in vitro and requires acyl migration for hydrolysis in lysosomes. Consistent with our biochemical data, PLA2G15-deficient cells and tissues accumulate several BMP species, a phenotype reversible by supplementing wild-type PLA2G15 but not its inactive mutant. Targeting PLA2G15 reduces the cholesterol accumulation in fibroblasts of patients with Niemann-Pick disease type C1 and significantly ameliorates disease pathologies in Niemann-Pick disease type C1-deficient mice, leading to an extended lifespan. Our findings established the rules governing BMP stability in lysosomes and identified PLA2G15 as a lysosomal BMP hydrolase and a potential target for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative diseases.