Ancient DNA reveals the prehistory of the Uralic and Yeniseian peoples

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Zeng, Tian Chen; Vyazov, Leonid A.; Kim, Alexander; Flegontov, Pavel; Sirak, Kendra; Maier, Robert; Lazaridis, Iosif; Akbari, Ali; Frachetti, Michael; Tishkin, Alexey A.; Ryabogina, Natalia E.; Agapov, Sergey A.; Agapov, Danila S.; Alekseev, Anatoliy N.; Boeskorov, Gennady G.; Derevianko, Anatoly P.; Dyakonov, Viktor M.; Enshin, Dmitry N.; Fribus, Alexey V.; Frolov, Yaroslav V.; Grushin, Sergey P.; Khokhlov, Alexander A.; Kiryushin, Kirill Yu.; Kiryushin, Yurii F.; Kitov, Egor P.; Kosintsev, Pavel; Kovtun, Igor V.; Makarov, Nikolai P.; Morozov, Viktor V.; Nikolaev, Egor N.; Rykun, Marina P.; Savenkova, Tatyana M.; Shchelchkova, Marina V.; Shirokov, Vladimir; Skochina, Svetlana N.; Sherstobitova, Olga S.; Slepchenko, Sergey M.; Solodovnikov, Konstantin N.; Solovyova, Elena N.; Stepanov, Aleksandr D.; Timoshchenko, Aleksei A.; Vdovin, Aleksandr S.; Vybornov, Anton V.; Balanovska, Elena V.; Dryomov, Stanislav; Hellenthal, Garrett; Kidd, Kenneth; Krause, Johannes; Starikovskaya, Elena; Sukernik, Rem; Tatarinova, Tatiana; Thomas, Mark G.; Zhabagin, Maxat; Callan, Kim; Cheronet, Olivia; Fernandes, Daniel; Keating, Denise; Candilio, Francesca; Iliev, Lora; Kearns, Aisling; Oezdogan, Kadir Toykan; Mah, Matthew; Micco, Adam; Michel, Megan; Olalde, Inigo; Zalzala, Fatma; Mallick, Swapan; Rohland, Nadin; Pinhasi, Ron; Narasimhan, Vagheesh M.; Reich, David
• 署名单位: Harvard University; University of Ostrava; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Czech Academy of Sciences; Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Washington University (WUSTL); Washington University (WUSTL); Altai State University; University of Gothenburg; Russian Academy of Sciences; Diamond & Precious Metal Geology Institute Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Archaeology & Ethnography, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Academy of Sciences; Tyumen Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences; Samara State University of Social Sciences & Education; Altai State University; Russian Academy of Sciences; N.N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology & Anthropology; Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Plant & Animal Ecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Ural Federal University; Tomsk State University; Krasnoyarsk State Medical University; North-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk; Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of History & Archaeology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Research Centre for Medical Genetics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; University of London; University College London; Yale University; Max Planck Society; University of La Verne; Nazarbayev University; National Center for Biotechnology (NCB); Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; University of Vienna; University of Vienna; Universidade de Coimbra; University College Dublin; Utrecht University; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; University of Basque Country; Basque Foundation for Science; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
• 刊物名称: Nature
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0028-2061
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09189-3
• 发表日期: 2025-08-07
• 关键词: bronze-age; population history; genomic history; pleistocene; admixture; ancestry; siberia; diversity; northern; steppe

摘要

The North Eurasian forest and forest-steppe zones have sustained millennia of sociocultural connections among northern peoples, but much of their history is poorly understood. In particular, the genomic formation of populations that speak Uralic and Yeniseian languages today is unknown. Here, by generating genome-wide data for 180 ancient individuals spanning this region, we show that the Early-to-Mid-Holocene hunter-gatherers harboured a continuous gradient of ancestry from fully European-related in the Baltic, to fully East Asian-related in the Transbaikal. Contemporaneous groups in Northeast Siberia were off-gradient and descended from a population that was the primary source for Native Americans, which then mixed with populations of Inland East Asia and the Amur River Basin to produce two populations whose expansion coincided with the collapse of pre-Bronze Age population structure. Ancestry from the first population, Cis-Baikal Late Neolithic-Bronze Age (Cisbaikal_LNBA), is associated with Yeniseian-speaking groups and those that admixed with them, and ancestry from the second, Yakutia Late Neolithic-Bronze Age (Yakutia_LNBA), is associated with migrations of prehistoric Uralic speakers. We show that Yakutia_LNBA first dispersed westwards from the Lena River Basin around 4,000 years ago into the Altai-Sayan region and into West Siberian communities associated with Seima-Turbino metallurgy-a suite of advanced bronze casting techniques that expanded explosively from the Altai1. The 16 Seima-Turbino period individuals were diverse in their ancestry, also harbouring DNA from Indo-Iranian-associated pastoralists and from a range of hunter-gatherer groups. Thus, both cultural transmission and migration were key to the Seima-Turbino phenomenon, which was involved in the initial spread of early Uralic-speaking communities.