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作者：Guvenen, Fatih; Kuruscu, Burhanettin
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; University of Toronto
摘要：In this paper, we propose an analytically tractable overlapping-generations model of human capital accumulation and study its implications for the evolution of the US wage distribution from 1970 to 2000. The key feature of the model, and the only source of heterogeneity, is that individuals differ in their ability to accumulate human capital. Therefore, wage inequality results only from differences in human capital accumulation. We examine the response of this model to skill-biased technical c...
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作者：Lippi, Francesco; Nobili, Andrea
作者单位：University of Sassari
摘要：We model an open economy where macroeconomic variables fluctuate in response to oil supply shocks, as well as aggregate demand and supply shocks generated domestically and abroad. We use several robust predictions of the model to identify five fundamental shocks underlying the fluctuations of the (real) oil price, the US activity and the global business cycle. The estimates show that supply shocks generated in the global economy explain the largest fraction of the oil price fluctuations, about...
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作者：Blundell, Richard
作者单位：University of London; University College London
摘要：To understand the role of evidence in tax policy design, this paper organizes the empirical analysis of reform under five loosely related headings: (i) key margins of adjustment, (ii) measurement of effective tax rates, (iii) the importance of information and complexity, (iv) evidence on the size of responses, and (v) implications from theory for tax design. The context for the discussion is the recently published Mirrlees Review of tax reform. Although the Review focused on all aspects of tax...
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作者：Bianchi, Milo; Buonanno, Paolo; Pinotti, Paolo
作者单位：Universite PSL; Universite Paris-Dauphine; University of Bergamo; Bocconi University
摘要：We examine the empirical relationship between immigration and crime across Italian provinces during the period 19902003. Drawing on police administrative records, we first document that the size of the immigrant population is positively correlated with the incidence of property crimes and with the overall crime rate. Then, we use instrumental variables based on immigration toward destination countries other than Italy to identify the causal impact of exogenous changes in Italys immigrant popul...
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作者：Hatfield, John William; Padro i Miquel, Gerard
作者单位：Stanford University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We revisit the classic problem of tax competition in the context of federal nations, and derive a positive theory of partial decentralization. A capital poor median voter chooses to use redistributive capital taxes to provide public goods. The expectation of high capital taxes, however, results in a small capital stock which lowers returns to redistribution. The median voter therefore wants to commit to a lower level of capital taxes. She does so by setting a partial degree of decentralization...
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作者：Machin, Stephen; Salvanes, Kjell G.; Pelkonen, Panu
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); University of Sussex
摘要：We show that the length of compulsory education has a causal impact on regional labor mobility. We reach this conclusion from an analysis of a quasi-exogenous staged Norwegian school reform, using register data on the whole population. Based on the results, we conclude that part of the USEurope difference, as well as the European NorthSouth difference in labor mobility, is likely to be due to differences in levels of education in the respective regions.
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作者：Del Bono, Emilia; Weber, Andrea; Winter-Ebmer, Rudolf
作者单位：University of Essex; University of Mannheim; Johannes Kepler University Linz
摘要：In this paper we investigate how career considerations may affect fertility decisions in the presence of a temporary employment shock. We compare the birth rates of women displaced by a plant closure with those of women unaffected by job loss after establishing the pre-displacement comparability of these groups. Our results reveal that job displacement reduces average fertility by 5%10%, and that these effects are largely explained by the response of women in more skilled occupations. We offer...
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作者：Hoerdahl, Peter; Tristani, Oreste
作者单位：Bank for International Settlements (BIS); European Central Bank
摘要：This paper estimates the size and dynamics of inflation risk premia in the euro area, based on a joint model of macroeconomic and term structure dynamics. Information from both nominal and index-linked yields is used in the empirical analysis. Our results indicate that the inflation risk premium on euro area 10-year nominal yields was approximately equal to 20 basis points on average over the 19992007 period. The inflation premium has also been subject to moderate, but statistically significan...
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作者：Herrendorf, Berthold; Valentinyi, Akos
作者单位：Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Cardiff University
摘要：Which sectors are most responsible for the low total factor productivities of developing countries? To answer this question we develop a new framework for sectoral development accounting. Applying this framework to the Penn World Table, we find that in equipment, construction, and food the sectoral TFP differences between developing countries and the United States are much larger than in the aggregate. However, in manufactured consumption the sectoral TFP differences are about equal to the agg...
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作者：Oster, Emily
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：This paper estimates whether exports affect the incidence of HIV in Africa. This relationship has implications for HIV prevention policy as well as for the consequences of trade increases in Africa. I estimate this impact using two sources of data on HIV incidence, one generated based on UNAIDS estimates and the other based on observed HIV mortality. These data are combined with data on export value and volume. I find a fairly consistent positive relationship between exports and new HIV infect...
