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作者：Deaton, A
作者单位：Princeton University
摘要：The extent to which growth reduces global poverty has been disputed for 30 years. Although there are better data than ever before, controversies are not resolved. A major problem is that consumption measured from household surveys, which is used to measure poverty, grows less rapidly than consumption measured in national accounts, in the world as a whole and in large countries, particularly India, China, and the United States. In consequence, measured poverty has fallen less rapidly than appea...
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作者：Münich, D; Svejnar, J; Terrell, K
作者单位：Charles University Prague; Czech Academy of Sciences; Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Czech Academy of Sciences; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We estimate returns to human capital during communism and the transition using data on 2,284 men in the Czech Republic. We show: (a) extremely low and constant rates of return to education under the communist wage grid and dramatic increases in transition, which do not differ by firm ownership, (b) radical changes in returns to several fields of study and sheepskin effects in both regimes, (c) identical wage-experience profile in both regimes, (d) similar 1996 returns to human capital obtained...
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作者：Ciccone, A; Peri, G
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We estimate the aggregate long-run elasticity of substitution between more educated workers and less educated workers (the slope of the inverse demand curve for more relative to less educated workers) at the U.S. state level. Our data come from the (five) 1950-1990 decennial censuses. Our empirical approach allows for state and time fixed effects and relies on time- and state-dependent child labor and compulsory school attendance laws as instruments for (endogenous) changes in the relative sup...
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作者：Frankel, JA; Rose, AK
作者单位：Harvard University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We seek to contribute to the debate over globalization and the environment by asking: What is the effect of trade on a country's environment, for a given level of GDP? We take specific account of the endogeneity of trade, using exogenous geographic determinants of trade as instrumental variables. We find that trade tends to reduce three measures of air pollution. Statistical significance is high for concentrations of SO2, moderate for NO2, and lacking for particulate matter. Although results f...
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作者：Sacerdote, B
作者单位：Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：How much do sins visited upon one generation harm that generation's future sons, daughters, grandsons, and granddaughters? I study this question by comparing outcomes for former slaves and their children and grandchildren to outcomes for free blacks (pre-1865) and their children and grandchildren. The outcome measures include literacy, whether a child attends school, months spent in school, years of schooling and two measures of adult occupation. Using a variety of different comparisons (for e...
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作者：Bento, AM; Cropper, ML; Mobarak, AM; Vinha, K
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; The World Bank; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)
摘要：We examine the effects of urban form and public transit supply on the commute mode choices and annual vehicle miles traveled ( VMTs) of households living in 114 urban areas in 1990. The probability of driving to work is lower the higher are population centrality and rail miles supplied and the lower is road density. Population centrality, jobs-housing balance, city shape, and road density have a significant effect on annual household VMTs. Although individual elasticities are small absolute va...
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作者：Tharakan, PKM; Van Beveren, I; Van Ourti, T
作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC
摘要：Recent export experience of some large, emerging economies has raised important questions about the trade determinants of the modern-services-driven sectors and the goods-production-driven sectors. In our empirical analysis of the determinants of Indian exports of software services and of the total Indian goods exports, we raise the following questions: How (dis)similar is the performance of the Indian exports of software from the determinants of India's total exports of goods? Are such differ...
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作者：Thompson, P
作者单位：State University System of Florida; Florida International University; Carnegie Mellon University; University of Houston System; University of Houston
摘要：Several theories of firm performance can explain the well-known observation that survival is positively related to age. However, a more mundane explanation-selection bias driven by variations in firm quality-may also underlie the phenomenon. This paper employs a 90-year plant-level panel data set on the U.S. iron and steel shipbuilding industry of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to discriminate between the explanations. The shipbuilding industry exhibits the usual joint dependence...
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作者：Owyang, MT; Piger, J; Wall, HJ
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - St. Louis
摘要：The U.S. aggregate business cycle is often characterized as a series of distinct recession and expansion phases. We apply a regime-switching model to state-level coincident indices to characterize state business cycles in this way. We find that states differ a great deal in the levels of growth that they experience in the two phases: Recession growth rates are related to industry mix, whereas expansion growth rates are related to education and age composition. Further, states differ significan...
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作者：Xiang, C
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University
摘要：This paper provides data on the output and factor payments of new goods for every four-digit industry in the U.S. manufacturing sector in the late 1970s and 1980s. For the entire manufacturing sector, the new goods' average skilled-labor intensity exceeds the old goods' by over 40%, and new goods can account for approximately 30% of the increase in the relative demand for skilled labor. Because new goods provide a direct measure of technology, this paper offers new evidence that technology has...
