作者：Galbraith, Jean; Almarri, Latifa; Bhati, Lisha; Brooks, Rheem; Green, Zachary; Hu, Margo; Irshaidat, Noor
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Fines and other financial sanctions are frequently imposed by criminal justice systems around the world. Yet they also raise grave concerns about economic discrimination. Unless they are perfectly scaled to defendants' financial circumstances, they will penalize poor persons far more than rich ones-and poor defendants' inability to pay can lead to further penalties like imprisonment or additional financial sanctions. These poverty penalties have received attention in domestic jurisdictions but...
作者：Howse, Robert; Langille, Joanna
作者单位：New York University; Western University (University of Western Ontario)
摘要：The World Trade Organization is at an important institutional crossroads, buffeted by critique and with its once-heralded dispute system in doubt. Despite some achievements at the 2022 MC12 Ministerial Conference, the WTO appears in crisis, without a strong institutional mandate. In this Article, we offer a vision for its future, rooted in a particular interpretation of its past. The WTO's legal architecture is characterized by a resilient pluralism, which seeks to preserve diversity of govern...
作者：Sirleaf, Matiangai
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Baltimore
摘要：Dear Editors in Chief:The recent uprising for racial justice marked a pivotal shift in national and global debates on race. One enduring legacy is that the language we use to speak, think, and label people is consequential. Most style guides that previously called for lowercasing Black altered their positions. This letter to the editors urges the American Journal of International Law (AJIL) to join those organizations that have also changed their policies to capitalize White.
