-
作者：Antman, Francisca M.
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：This paper explores the impact of water quality on mortality by exploiting a natural experiment: the rise of tea consumption in eighteenth century England. This resulted in an unintentional increase in consumption of boiled water, thereby reducing mortality rates. The methodology uses two identification strategies tying areas with lower initial water quality to larger declines in mortality rates after tea drinking became widespread and following larger volumes of tea imports. Results are robus...
-
作者：Jones, Callum
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
摘要：By the end of 2019, U.S. output was 14% below the level predicted by its pre-2008 trend. To understand why, I develop and estimate a model of the United States with demographics, real and monetary shocks, and the occasionally binding zero lower bound on nominal rates. Demographic shocks generate slow-moving trends in interest rates, employment, and productivity. Demographics alone can explain about 40% of the gap between log output per capita and its linear trend by 2019. By lowering interest ...
-
作者：La Nauze, Andrea
作者单位：University of Queensland; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：I test whether economic incentives impact peer effects in public-good settings. I study how a visible and subsidized contribution to a public good (installing solar panels) affects peer contributions to the same good that are neither subsidized nor visible (electing green power). Exploiting spatial variation in the feasibility of installing solar panels, I find that on average panels increase voluntary purchases of green power by neighbors. However, when subsidies to solar are high, solar pane...
-
作者：Ferreira, Fernando; Gyourko, Joseph
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We provide novel estimates of the location, timing, magnitude, and determinants of the start of the previous U.S. housing boom. The housing cycle cannot be interpreted as a single, national event, as different markets began to boom across a decade-long period, some of them multiple times. A fundamental factor, income of prospective buyers, can account for half of the initial jump in price growth, while expansion of purchases by underrepresented minorities cannot. The start of the boom also was...
-
作者：Ksoll, Christopher; Macchiavello, Rocco; Morjaria, Ameet
作者单位：University of Sherbrooke; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Violent conflicts, particularly at election times in Africa, are a common cause of instability and economic disruption. This paper studies how firms react to electoral violence using the case of Kenyan flower exporters during the 2008 postelection violence as an example. The violence induced a large negative supply shock that reduced exports primarily through workers' absence and had heterogeneous effects: larger firms and those with direct contractual relationships in export markets suffered ...
-
作者：Malone, Jacob B.; Nevo, Aviv; Nolan, Zachary; Williams, Jonathan W.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Delaware; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
摘要：The video entertainment industry is experiencing increases in over-the-top (OTT) video usage and cord-cutting behavior. Using unique panel data from 2012-2016, we document the behavior of the 2.4% of households who cut the cord annually. After dropping TV, these households increase internet usage by 22%, reduce payments to multiple-system operators (MSOs) by 50%, and 16% acquire new OTT video subscriptions. These results indicate meaningful substitution between OTT video and TV and suggest tha...
-
作者：Barigozzi, Matteo; Luciani, Matteo
作者单位：University of Bologna; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
摘要：We propose a new measure of the output gap based on a dynamic factor model that is estimated on a large number of U.S. macroeconomic indicators and which incorporates relevant stylized facts about macroeconomic data (comovements, nonstationarity, and the slow drift in long-run output growth over time). We find that (1) from the mid-1990s to 2008, the U.S. economy operated above its potential and (2) in 2018:Q4, the labor market was tighter than the market for goods and services. Because it is ...
-
作者：Fan, Jingting; Lu, Yi; Luo, Wenlan
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Tsinghua University
摘要：A key input to quantitative evaluations of transport infrastructure projects is their impact on transport costs. We propose a new method of estimating this impact relying on widely accessible customs data: by using the route choice of exporters. We combine our method with a spatial equilibrium model to study the effects of the massive expressway construction in China between 1999 and 2010. We find transport costs are 20% lower on expressways than on regular roads. The expressways construction ...
-
作者：Sugita, Yoichi; Teshima, Kensuke; Seira, Enrique
作者单位：Keio University; Hitotsubashi University; Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico; Michigan State University
摘要：This paper studies how exporting and importing firms match based on their capability by investigating the change in such exporter-importer matching during trade liberalization. During the recent liberalization of the Mexico-U.S. textile and apparel trade, exporters and importers often switch their main partners as well as change trade volumes. We develop a many-to-many matching model of exporters and importers where partner switching is the principal margin of adjustment, featuring Beckerian p...
-
作者：Lazuka, Volha
作者单位：University of Southern Denmark; Lund University; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Being born in a hospital versus having a traditional birth attendant at home represents the most common early life policy change worldwide. By applying a difference-in-differences approach to register-based individual-level data on the total population, this paper explores the long-term economic effects of the opening of new maternity wards as an early life quasi-experiment. It first finds that the reform substantially increased the share of hospital births and reduced early neonatal mortality...
