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作者：Archakov, Ilya; Hansen, Peter Reinhard
作者单位：University of Vienna; University of Vienna; Copenhagen Business School; Copenhagen Business School
摘要：We obtain a canonical representation for block matrices. The representation facilitates simple computation of the determinant, the matrix inverse, and other powers of a block matrix, as well as the matrix logarithm and the matrix exponential. These results are particularly useful for block covariance and block correlation matrices, where evaluation of the Gaussian log-likelihood and estimation are greatly simplified. We illustrate this with an empirical application using a large panel of daily...
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作者：Carballo, Jeronimo; Graziano, Alejandro G.; Schaur, Georg; Martincus, Christian Volpe
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Nottingham; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Inter-American Development Bank
摘要：In this paper, we estimate the trade effects of a transit system upgrading that streamlines border processing in developing countries. Our empirical approach combines transaction-level export data from El Salvador with unique data that distinguishes export flows that were processed on the transit system. Our results indicate that the new transit system lowered regulatory border costs and raised exports. At the low end, our back-of-the-envelope estimate of the return to investment is US$ 3-to-1...
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作者：Goodkin-Gold, Matthew; Kremer, Michael; Snyder, Christopher M.; Williams, Heidi
作者单位：Harvard University; University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; Dartmouth College
摘要：We analyze optimal vaccine subsidies in a model integrating disease epidemiology into a market with rational economic agents. The focus is on an intensive vaccine campaign to quell an epidemic in the short run. Across a range of market structures, positive vaccine externalities and optimal subsidies peak for diseases that spread quickly, but not so quickly that everyone is driven to be vaccinated. We assess the practical relevance of this peak-as well as the existence of increasing social retu...
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作者：Russell, Lauren C.; Yu, Lei; Andrews, Michael J.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：We investigate how the presence of a college affects local educational attainment. As counterfactuals for current college locations, we use historical runner-up locations that were strongly considered to become college sites but were ultimately not chosen. We find that winning counties today have college degree attainment rates 56% higher than runner-up counties and more private-sector employment in human-capital-intensive industries. These effects are not driven primarily by recent in-migrati...
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作者：Rodrigue, Joel; Sheng, Dan; Tan, Yong
作者单位：Vanderbilt University
摘要：This paper studies the joint impact of exporting and abatement on the environmental performance of Chinese manufacturers. For two common air pollutants (SO2 and industrial dust) we document that (a) exporters are significantly less emissions-intensive relative to their nonexporting counterparts and (b) this difference cannot be explained by differential rates of abatement alone. Employing variation in trade and environmental conditions across time and space, we quantify the impact of endogenou...
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作者：Hanlon, W. Walker
作者单位：Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This study draws on London's long experience with air pollution in order to improve our understanding of the overall effects of pollution exposure and how and why these effects evolve as locations develop. I compare uniquely detailed new mortality data covering 1866 to 1965 to the timing of London's famous fog events, which trapped emissions in the city. I show that air pollution was a major contributor to mortality in London over this period and that it interacted strongly with specific infec...
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作者：Howard, Greg; Weinstein, Russell; Yang, Yuhao
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Southwestern University of Finance & Economics - China
摘要：We use a novel identification strategy to investigate whether regional universities make their local economies more resilient. Our strategy is based on state governments using similar site-selection criteria to assign normal schools (to train teachers) and insane asylums between 1830 and 1930. Normal schools became larger regional universities while asylum properties mostly continue as small state-owned psychiatric health facilities. We find that a regional university roughly offsets the negat...
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作者：Foged, Mette; Hasager, Linea; Peri, Giovanni; Arendt, Jacob Nielsen; Bolvig, Iben
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; University of London; University College London; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：We evaluate a Danish reform focused on improving language training for those granted refugee status on or after January 1, 1999. Using a Regression Discontinuity Design, we find a significant, permanent, positive effect on earnings. This effect emerged after completion of language classes and was accompanied by additional schooling and a higher probability of working in complex jobs, consistent with language training, rather than other minor aspects of the reform, producing the results.
