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作者：Douwes-Schultz, Dirk; Schmidt, Alexandra m.; Shen, Yannan; Buckeridge, David l.
作者单位：McGill University
摘要：Recurrent COVID-19 outbreaks have placed immense strain on the hospital system in Quebec. We develop a Bayesian three-state coupled Markov admissions in the 30 largest hospitals. Within each catchment area, we assume the existence of three states for the disease: absence, a new state meant to account for many zeroes in some of the smaller areas; endemic and outbreak. Then we assume the disease switches between the three states in each area through a series of coupled nonhomogeneous hidden Mark...
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作者：Wang, Ye; Samii, Cyrus; Chang, Haoge; Aronow, P. M.
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; New York University; Columbia University; Yale University
摘要：We consider design-based causal inference for spatial experiments in which treatments may have effects that bleed out and feed back in complex ways. Such spatial spillover effects violate the no interference assumption for standard causal inference methods. The complexity of spatial spillover effects also raises the risk of misspecification and bias in model-based analyses. We offer an approach for robust inference in such settings without having to specify a parametric outcome model. We defin...
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作者：Hunt, Gregory J.; Gagnon-Bartsch, Johann A.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：High-throughput cell imaging has been increasingly used in drug discovery to simultaneously profile the morphological response of cells to thousands of compounds using high-resolution microscopy and automated image analysis. Such experiments characterize thousands of image features in millions of cells across thousands of experimental conditions. Analytical difficulties arise with this scale of analysis as many features have distributions with extremely long tails, high skewness, remote outlie...
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作者：Cheng, Chao; Liu, Bo; Wruck, Lisa; Li, Fan
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Duke University; Duke University; Duke University; Yale University
摘要：Comparative effectiveness research frequently addresses a time-to-event outcome and can require unique considerations in the presence of treatment noncompliance. Motivated by the challenges in addressing noncompliance in the ADAPTABLE pragmatic clinical trial, we develop a multiply robust estimator to estimate the principal survival causal effects under the principal ignorability and monotonicity. The multiply robust estimator is consistent, even if one, and sometimes two, of the required mode...
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作者：Wei, Kecheng; Xue, Fei; Xu, Qi; Yuan, Yubai; Zhang, Yuexia; Qin, Guoyou; Wani, Agaz H.; Aiello, Allison E.; Wildman, Derek E.; Uddin, Monica; Qu, Annie
作者单位：Fudan University; Purdue University System; Purdue University; Carnegie Mellon University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; University of Texas System; University of Texas at San Antonio; State University System of Florida; University of South Florida; Columbia University; Columbia University; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara
摘要：DNA methylation (DNAm) has been shown to mediate causal effects from traumatic experiences to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the scientific question about whether the mediation effect changes over time remains unclear. In this paper we develop time-varying structural equation models to identify cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites, where DNAm mediates the effect of trauma exposure on PTSD, and to capture dynamic changes in mediation effects. The proposed methodology is motiva...
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作者：Yu, Peng; Lian, Yumin; Xie, Elliot; Zuleger, Cindy L.; Albertini, Richard J.; Albertini, Mark R.; Newton, Michael A.
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of Vermont; US Department of Veterans Affairs; Veterans Health Administration (VHA); William S Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital
摘要：Surrogate selection is an experimental design that without sequencing any DNA can restrict a sample of cells to those carrying certain genomic mutations. In immunological disease studies, this design may provide a relatively easy approach to enrich a lymphocyte sample with cells relevant to the disease response because the emergence of neutral mutations associates with the proliferation history of clonal subpopulations. A statistical analysis of clonotype sizes provides a structured, quantitat...
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作者：Liu, Xueqing; Deliu, Nina; Chakraborty, Tanujit; Bell, Lauren; Chakraborty, Bibhas
作者单位：National University of Singapore; Sapienza University Rome; Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi; University of London; King's College London
摘要：Mobile health (mHealth) interventions often aim to improve distal outcomes, such as clinical conditions, by optimizing proximal outcomes through just-in-time adaptive interventions. Contextual bandits provide a suitable framework for customizing such interventions according to individual time-varying contexts. However, unique challenges, such as modeling count outcomes within bandit frameworks, have hindered the widespread application of contextual bandits to mHealth studies. The current work ...
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作者：Wu, Hanqing; Lee, Cue Hyunkyu; Abiri, Najmeh; Ionita-laza, Iuliana
作者单位：Lund University; Columbia University; Malmo University
摘要：Large-scale biobanks and electronic health records (EHR) offer great opportunities for next-generation genetic studies. However, missing phenotype data is a pervasive feature of EHR, leading to low power of such studies. One promising solution is prediction-powered inference, where statistical or machine learning models are employed to impute phenotypes prior to performing genetic analyses. Although many such methods exist, they tend to be generic and do not incorporate domain-aware knowledge ...
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作者：Waterschoot, Wout; Callegaro, Andrea; Moraschini, Luca; Vansteelandt, Stijn
作者单位：Ghent University; GlaxoSmithKline; GlaxoSmithKline Belgium; GlaxoSmithKline; GlaxoSmithKline Belgium
摘要：This work is motivated by randomized clinical trial NCT03281876 (November 2017-March 2020), whose secondary aim was to evaluate the efficacy of the NTHi-Mcat vaccine vs. placebo in preventing recurrent severe exacerbations among patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). The published analysis (Vaccine 40 (2022) 5924-5932; Lancet Respir. Med. 10 (2022) 435-446) aimed to estimate the ratio of the expected number of exacerbations one experienced by the e...
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作者：Hang, Leyao; Wang, Wen; Hu, Mengtong; Baptist, Alan P.; Wang, Peng; Song, Peter X. K.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati
摘要：Questionnaires are among the oldest and most widely used instruments in practice to measure variables relevant to traits of interest that cannot be easily measured by physical devices, for example, depression. In many clinical settings, the scope of an existing questionnaire is often unfit to apply to a new study population, whose underlying characteristics are different from those of the original population used for the questionnaire's development and/or validation. Motivated by a cohort stud...
