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作者：Huang, Wei; Pan, Yinghao; Zhou, Yi
作者单位：Peking University; Renmin University of China
摘要：We investigate how exposure to the One-Child Policy (OCP) during early adulthood affects marriage and fertility in China. Exploring fertility penalties across provinces over time and the different implementations by ethnicity, we show that the OCP significantly increases the unmarried rate among the Han ethnicity but not among the minorities. The OCP increases Han-minority marriages in regions where Han-minority couples are allowed an additional child, but the impact is smaller in other region...
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作者：Davis, Lucas W.
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作者：Khanna, Gaurav; Shih, Kevin; Weinberger, Ariel; Xu, Mingzhi; Yu, Miaojie
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; City University of New York (CUNY) System; Queens College NY (CUNY); George Washington University; Peking University; Liaoning University
摘要：We highlight a lesser-known consequence of China's integration into the world economy: the rise of services trade. We demonstrate how the United States' trade deficit in goods cycles back as a surplus in U.S. exports of education services. Focusing on China's accession to the World Trade Organization, we show that Chinese cities more exposed to trade liberalization sent more students to U.S. universities. Growth in housing income and wealth allowed Chinese families to afford U.S. tuition, and ...
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作者：Schneider, Stephan A.; Kunze, Sven
作者单位：Stockholm University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Fraunhofer Gesellschaft; Fraunhofer Germany; Fraunhofer Systems & Innovation Research
摘要：Allocations decisions are vulnerable to political influence, but it is unclear in which situations politicians use their discretionary power in a partisan manner. We analyze the allocation of presidential disaster declarations in the United States, exploiting the spatiotemporal randomness of all hurricane strikes from 1965 to 2018 along with changes in political alignment. We show that decisions are unbiased when disasters are either very strong or weak. Only after medium-intensity hurricanes ...
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作者：Aker, Jenny C.; Jack, B. Kelsey
作者单位：Tufts University; Cornell University; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Many agricultural and environmental technologies require up-front investments. This may deter adoption, particularly in settings characterized by information, liquidity, and credit constraints. We test for these barriers to the adoption of an agricultural technique that helps address land degradation in Niger. We find little evidence that liquidity or credit constraints deter adoption: instead, providing farmers with training increasesthe share of adopters by over 90 percentage points. Conditi...
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作者：Feigenberg, Benjamin; Ost, Ben; Qureshi, Javaeria A.
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital
摘要：We highlight that analyses using interaction terms to study treatment effect heterogeneity are susceptible to a form of omitted variable bias that is often overlooked in economics. Unlike most instances of omitted variable bias, the omitted variables in this case are available to the researcher but were not included in the model. We demonstrate that this exclusion matters based on a replication of 205 estimates across seventeen papers published in the American Economic Review over a five-year ...
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作者：Paredes, Valentina; Paserman, M. Daniele; Pino, Francisco J.
作者单位：Universidad de Chile; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Boston University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We provide direct evidence on explicit and implicit biases against women among students in economics relative to other fields. We conducted a large scale survey among undergraduates in Chile, among both entering first-year students and students in years 2 and above, combining a wide battery of measures to create an index of gender bias. Economics students are more biased than students in other fields. There is some evidence that economics students are more biased already upon entry, before exp...
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作者：Phillips, David C.; Sullivan, James X.
作者单位：University of Notre Dame
摘要：This paper provides the first evidence from a randomized controlled trial isolating the impact of financial assistance to prevent homelessness. In this study, individuals and families at imminent risk of homelessness were offered temporary financial assistance, averaging nearly $2,000 for those assigned to treatment. Our results show that this assistance significantly reduces homelessness by 3.8 percentage points from a base rate of 4.1%. The effects are larger for people with a history of hom...
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作者：Ahammer, Alexander; Grubl, Dominik; Winter-Ebmer, Rudolf
作者单位：Johannes Kepler University Linz; Johannes Kepler University Linz
摘要：We show that downsizing has substantial negative effects on the health of workers who remain in the firm. We study mass layoff (ML) sur-vivors in Austria, using workers who survive a ML themselves, but a fewyears in the future, as a control group. Based on high-quality administrativedata, we find evidence that downsizing has persistent effects on mental andphysical health, and that these effects can be explained by workers fear-ing for their own jobs. We also show that health effects due to do...
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作者：Coville, Aidan; Galiani, Sebastian; Gertler, Paul; Yoshida, Susumu
作者单位：The World Bank; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Baltimore; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We test two ways to improve revenue collection efficiency for water and sanitation utilities: (i) face-to-face engagement between utility staff and customers and (ii) contract enforcement for service disconnection due to nonpayment in the form of transparent and credible disconnection notices. Engagement has no effect, while enforcement significantly increases payment. We find no effect on access to water, perceptions of the utility, relationships between tenants and property owners, or on ten...
