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作者：Tu, Wei; Jiang, Bei; Kong, Linglong
作者单位：Queens University - Canada; Queens University - Canada; University of Alberta
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作者：Zhao, Bingxin; Zhu, Hongtu
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill
摘要：Cross-trait polygenic risk score (PRS) method has gained popularity for assessing genetic correlation of complex traits using summary statistics from biobank-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, empirical evidence has shown a common bias phenomenon that highly significant cross-trait PRS can only account fora very small amount of genetic variance (R-2 can be < 1%) in independent testing GWAS. The aim of this paper is to investigate and address the bias phenomenon of cross-tra...
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作者：Liu, Dungang; Liu, Regina Y.; Xie, Min-ge
作者单位：University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick
摘要：Fusion learning refers to synthesizing inferences from multiple sources or studies to make a more effective inference and prediction than from any individual source or study alone. Most existing methods for synthesizing inferences rely on parametric model assumptions, such as normality, which often do not hold in practice. We propose a general nonparametric fusion learning framework for synthesizing inferences for multiparameters from different studies. The main tool underlying the proposed fr...
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作者：Li, Zilin; Liu, Yaowu; Lin, Xihong
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Southwestern University of Finance & Economics - China; Harvard University
摘要：We consider in this article detection of signal regions associated with disease outcomes in whole genome association studies. Gene- or region-based methods have become increasingly popular in whole genome association analysis as a complementary approach to traditional individual variant analysis. However, these methods test for the association between an outcome and the genetic variants in a prespecified region, for example, a gene. In view of massive intergenic regions in whole genome sequenc...
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作者：Liang, Muxuan; Yu, Menggang
作者单位：Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：One fundamental statistical question for research areas such as precision medicine and health disparity is about discovering effect modification of treatment or exposure by observed covariates. We propose a semiparametric framework for identifying such effect modification. Instead of using the traditional outcome models, we directly posit semiparametric models on contrasts, or expected differences of the outcome under different treatment choices or exposures. Through semiparametric estimation ...
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作者：Hassler, Gabriel; Tolkoff, Max R.; Allen, William L.; Ho, Lam Si Tung; Lemey, Philippe; Suchard, Marc A.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California Los Angeles Medical Center; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Swansea University; Dalhousie University; KU Leuven; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; University of California Los Angeles Medical Center; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc.
摘要：Comparative biologists are often interested in inferring covariation between multiple biological traits sampled across numerous related taxa. To properly study these relationships, we must control for the shared evolutionary history of the taxa to avoid spurious inference. An additional challenge arises as obtaining a full suite of measurements becomes increasingly difficult with increasing taxa. This generally necessitates data imputation or integration, and existing control techniques typica...
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作者：Shi, Peng; Lee, Gee Y.
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Michigan State University
摘要：This article concerns deductible pricing in nonlife insurance contracts. The primary interest of insurers is the effect of the contract deductible on a policyholder's aggregate loss that is determined by a compound distribution where the sum of individual claim amount is stopped by the number of claims. Policyholders choose the deductible level based on their hidden risks, which makes deductible endogenous in the regressions for both claim frequency and claim severity. To address the endogenei...
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作者：Ignatiadis, Nikolaos; Wager, Stefan
作者单位：Stanford University; Stanford University
摘要：In an empirical Bayes analysis, we use data from repeated sampling to imitate inferences made by an oracle Bayesian with extensive knowledge of the data-generating distribution. Existing results provide a comprehensive characterization of when and why empirical Bayes point estimates accurately recover oracle Bayes behavior. In this paper, we develop flexible and practical confidence intervals that provide asymptotic frequentist coverage of empirical Bayes estimands, such as the posterior mean ...
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作者：Romano, Gaetano; Rigaill, Guillem; Runge, Vincent; Fearnhead, Paul
作者单位：Lancaster University; Universite Paris Saclay; Universite Paris Cite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); INRAE; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Paris Saclay
摘要：While there are a plethora of algorithms for detecting changes in mean in univariate time-series, almost all struggle in real applications where there is autocorrelated noise or where the mean fluctuates locally between the abrupt changes that one wishes to detect. In these cases, default implementations, which are often based on assumptions of a constant mean between changes and independent noise, can lead to substantial over-estimation of the number of changes. We propose a principled approa...
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作者：Shi, Chengchun; Li, Lexin
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：A central question in high-dimensional mediation analysis is to infer the significance of individual mediators. The main challenge is that the total number of potential paths that go through any mediator is super-exponential in the number of mediators. Most existing mediation inference solutions either explicitly impose that the mediators are conditionally independent given the exposure, or ignore any potential directed paths among the mediators. In this article, we propose a novel hypothesis ...
