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作者：Deng, Zihou; Loyher, Pierre-Louis; Lazarov, Tomi; Li, Li; Shen, Zeyang; Bhinder, Bhavneet; Yang, Hairu; Zhong, Yi; Alberdi, Araitz; Massague, Joan; Sun, Joseph C.; Benezra, Robert; Glass, Christopher K.; Elemento, Olivier; Iacobuzio-Donahue, Christine A.; Geissmann, Frederic
作者单位：Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Cornell University; City University of New York (CUNY) System; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Cornell University; Weill Cornell Medicine; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
摘要：Macrophage activation is controlled by a balance between activating and inhibitory receptors1-7, which protect normal tissues from excessive damage during infection8,9 but promote tumour growth and metastasis in cancer7,10. Here we report that the Kupffer cell lineage-determining factor ID3 controls this balance and selectively endows Kupffer cells with the ability to phagocytose live tumour cells and orchestrate the recruitment, proliferation and activation of natural killer and CD8 T lymphoi...
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作者：Tesei, Giulio; Trolle, Anna Ida; Jonsson, Nicolas; Betz, Johannes; Knudsen, Frederik E.; Pesce, Francesco; Johansson, Kristoffer E.; Lindorff-Larsen, Kresten
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：Intrinsically disordered proteins and regions (collectively, IDRs) are pervasive across proteomes in all kingdoms of life, help to shape biological functions and are involved in numerous diseases. IDRs populate a diverse set of transiently formed structures and defy conventional sequence-structure-function relationships1. Developments in protein science have made it possible to predict the three-dimensional structures of folded proteins at the proteome scale2. By contrast, there is a lack of k...
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作者：Luo, Yang; Stent, Simon
作者单位：University of Oxford; Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology
摘要：It emerges from a study of human cells that smoking can influence certain immune responses to the same extent as can age or genetics. Smoking can alter the immune system in ways that persist long after quitting the habit.
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作者：[Anonymous]
摘要：People infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 cleared the virus more quickly if they had high levels of certain immune cells.
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作者：Woodgate, Jason; Mosaei, Hamed; Brazda, Pavel; Stevenson-Jones, Flint; Zenkin, Nikolay
作者单位：Newcastle University - UK
摘要：Transcription elongation stalls at lesions in the DNA template1. For the DNA lesion to be repaired, the stalled transcription elongation complex (EC) has to be removed from the damaged site2. Here we show that translation, which is coupled to transcription in bacteria, actively dislodges stalled ECs from the damaged DNA template. By contrast, paused, but otherwise elongation-competent, ECs are not dislodged by the ribosome. Instead, they are helped back into processive elongation. We also show...
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作者：Schnitzler, Gavin R.; Kang, Helen; Fang, Shi; Angom, Ramcharan S.; Lee-Kim, Vivian S.; Ma, X. Rosa; Zhou, Ronghao; Zeng, Tony; Guo, Katherine; Taylor, Martin S.; Vellarikkal, Shamsudheen K.; Barry, Aurelie E.; Sias-Garcia, Oscar; Bloemendal, Alex; Munson, Glen; Guckelberger, Philine; Nguyen, Tung H.; Bergman, Drew T.; Hinshaw, Stephen; Cheng, Nathan; Cleary, Brian; Aragam, Krishna; Lander, Eric S.; Finucane, Hilary K.; Mukhopadhyay, Debabrata; Gupta, Rajat M.; Engreitz, Jesse M.
作者单位：Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Stanford University; Mayo Clinic; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Dartmouth College; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford Cancer Institute; Boston University; Boston University; Boston University; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Broad Institute; Stanford University
摘要：Linking variants from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to underlying mechanisms of disease remains a challenge1-3. For some diseases, a successful strategy has been to look for cases in which multiple GWAS loci contain genes that act in the same biological pathway1-6. However, our knowledge of which genes act in which pathways is incomplete, particularly for cell-type-specific pathways or understudied genes. Here we introduce a method to connect GWAS variants to functions. This method li...
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作者：Castelvecchi, Davide
摘要：Voisin won this year's Crafoord Prize in Mathematics for research inspired by string theory, and work on a million-dollar unsolved problem.
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作者：Neutze, Richard
作者单位：University of Gothenburg
摘要：Cutting-edge X-ray sources have enabled the structural dynamics of proteins to be tracked during biochemical processes, but the findings have been questioned. Two experts discuss the implications of a study that digs into this issue.
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作者：Pells, Rachael; Korngut, Phil
作者单位：California Institute of Technology
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作者：Saether, Bernt-Erik
作者单位：Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU)
摘要：A long-term fish experiment reveals how a mechanism called density dependence, in which the population growth rate slows as the number of individuals rises, affects population dynamics on time scales relevant for ecology and evolution.
