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作者：Littoz-Monnet, Annabelle
摘要：This article challenges the assumption that ethics committees introduce democratic control in policy areas where scientific expertise and ethical concerns collide. The claim is that politicians or bureaucrats are likely to resort to the use of ethical expertise when they face a specific type of dilemma: the impossibility, on the one hand, of yielding a consensus on controversial value-based issues via the democratic route and the need, on the other, to legitimize controversial policy choices i...
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作者：Jakobsen, Mads Leth Felsager; Mortensen, Peter B.
作者单位：Aarhus University
摘要：This article examines the impact of politics on governmental rule production. Traditionally, explanations of rule dynamics have focused on nonpolitical factors such as the self-evolvement of rules, environmental factors, and decision maker attributes. This article develops a set of hypotheses about when, why, and how political factors shape changes in the stock of rules. Furthermore, we test these hypotheses on a unique, new data set based on all Danish primary legislation and administrative r...
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作者：Peters, B. Guy; Pierre, Jon
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; University of Gothenburg
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作者：Gingrich, Jane
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：Many scholars have argued that social programs are marked by a logic of increasing returns that makes change difficult. Yet over the past decades, reformers across industrialized countries have introduced substantial administrative reforms in these services, even as entitlement reform remains politically difficult. This paper explains these shifts by breaking apart the logic of increasing returns into three distinct costs to change: technical, political, and expectations. Decreases in a partic...
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作者：Bolleyer, Nicole; Gauja, Anika
作者单位：University of Exeter; University of Sydney
摘要：The way in which political parties use state resources indirectly (e.g., parliamentary expenses) receives substantial attention in public debate, particularly when surrounded by perceptions of misuse. However, scholarly studies of resources indirectly available to parties through their functions in the state, how they are used and regulated, are rare. This article presents an analytical framework that identifies and categorizes the range of indirect resources linked to parties' institutional r...
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作者：Chen, Kai
作者单位：Zhejiang University
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作者：Mietzner, Marcus
作者单位：Australian National University
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作者：Coen, David; Pegram, Tom
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of London; University College London; University of London; University College London
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作者：Harbers, Imke
作者单位：University of Amsterdam
摘要：Even though the unequal reach of the state has become an important concern in the literature on developing democracies in Latin America, empirical measures of intracountry variation in state capacity are scarce. So far, attempts to develop valid measures of the reach of the state have often been hampered by inadequate data. Leveraging insights from national-level scholarship, this article proposes a tax-based measure to capture such intracountry variation. Drawing on a comprehensive data set o...
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作者：Yiath, Sean
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
