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作者：Dasgupta, A; Ghosh, M
作者单位：Tufts University; Massachusetts System of Public Higher Education; Massachusetts Maritime Academy
摘要：To optimize large-scale queuing systems configurations, OR professionals typically use discrete event simulation packages to examine in detail the movement of entities through such systems, assuming stochastic but fixed arrival patterns. Demand aspects are, however, routinely ignored as few attempts are made to capture the feedback effect of queue performance on the arrival process. Econometricians, on the other hand, use a simultaneous equations estimation approach relying on past data, but t...
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作者：D'Amato, RM; D'Aquila, RT; Wein, LM
作者单位：RAND Corporation; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Massachusetts General Hospital; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We analyze two joint decisions in the management of HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy: how frequently to measure a patient's virus level, and when to switch therapy. The underlying stochastic model captures the initial suppression and eventual rebound of the virus level in the blood of a typical HIV-infected patient undergoing treatment. We consider two classes of policies: a viral load policy, which triggers a change in therapy when the current virus level divided by the smalles...
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作者：Mendelson, H; Whang, SJ
作者单位：Stanford University
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作者：Brynjolfsson, E; Smith, MD
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：here have been many claims that the Internet represents a new nearly frictionless market. Our research empirically analyzes the characteristics of the Internet as a channel for two categories of homogeneous products-books and CDs. Using a data set of over 8,500 price observations collected over a period of 15 months, we compare pricing behavior at 41 Internet and conventional retail outlets. We find that prices on the Internet are 9-16% lower than prices in conventional outlets, depending on w...
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作者：Pennings, JME; Smidts, A
作者单位：Wageningen University & Research; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC
摘要：Two major approaches to measuring risk attitude are compared. One, based on the expected I utility model is derived from responses to lotteries and direct scaling. The other measure is a psychometric approach based on Likert statements that produces a unidimensional risk attitude scale. The data are from computer-assisted interviews of 346 Dutch owner-managers of hog farms, who made decisions about their own businesses. While the measures demonstrate some degree of convergent validity, those m...
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作者：Zaric, GS; Brandeau, ML; Barnett, PG
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario); Stanford University; Stanford University
摘要：We assess the cost-effectiveness of maintenance treatment for heroin addiction, with emphasis on its role in preventing HIV infection. The analysis is based on a dynamic compartmental model of the HIV epidemic among a population of adults, ages 18 to 44. The population is divided into nine compartments according to infection status and risk group. The model takes into account disease transmission from drug injection and sexual contacts. The health benefits of methadone maintenance and the resu...
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作者：Hazen, G
作者单位：Northwestern University
摘要：Stochastic trees are extensions of decision trees that facilitate the modeling of temporal uncertainties. Their primary application has been to medical treatment decisions. It is often convenient to present stochastic trees in factored form, allowing loosely coupled pieces of the model to be formulated and presented separately. Ln this paper, we show how the notion of factoring can be extended as well to preference components of the stochastic model. We examine updateable-state utility, a flex...
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作者：Atuahene-Gima, K; Evangelista, F
作者单位：City University of Hong Kong; Western Sydney University
摘要：Previous research in new product development (NPD) has focused on the participation of marketing and R&D personnel, but little attention has been paid to their influence. This study examined the effects of marketing's and R&D's influence and participation on new product performance and the differential effects of personal, new product, and organizational factors on their influence in the NPD process as seen from each other's perspective. The results suggest that marketing's and R&D's self-repo...
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作者：Xanthopulos, Z; Melachrinoudis, E; Solomon, MM
作者单位：International Business Machines (IBM); IBM USA; Northeastern University
摘要：This paper proposes a new framework for the solution of interactive multiobjective group decision-making problems with interval parameters. Its novelty stems from a learning phase where decision makers (DMs) explore the structural characteristics of the specific Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem. This provides important and timely feedback to the DMs. Its core consists of four indices and their relationships. The solution framework consists of three stages. In the first, each DM...
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作者：Dowell, G; Hart, S; Yeung, B
作者单位：University of Notre Dame; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; New York University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Arguments can be made on both sides of the question of whether a stringent global corporate environmental standard represents a competitive asset or Liability for multinational enterprises (MNEs) investing in emerging and developing markets. Analyzing the global environmental standards of a sample of U.S.-based MNEs in relation to their stock market performance, we find that firms adopting a single stringent global environmental standard have much higher market values, as measured by Tobin's q...
