作者：University of Groningen; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This article addresses two questions. First, when and to what extent did capital markets integrate north and south of the Alps? Second, how mobile was capital? Analysing a unique new dataset on pre-modern urban annuities, we find that northern markets were consistently better integrated than Italian markets. Long-term integration was driven by initially peripheral places in the Netherlands and Upper Germany integrating with the rest of the Holy Roman Empire where the distance and volume of int...
作者：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：I use new data on employment and job placements during WWII to characterize the wartime surge in female work and its subsequent impact on female employment in the United States. The geography of female wartime work was primarily driven by industrial mobilization, not drafted men's withdrawal from local labor markets. After the war, returning veterans and sharp cutbacks in war-related industries displaced many new female entrants, despite interest in continued work. As a result, areas most expo...
作者：University of Southern Denmark
作者：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Atlanta
作者：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago
作者：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Mannheim; Universite Libre de Bruxelles
作者：Vanderbilt University; University System of Ohio; Miami University
