作者：GOOD, DF
摘要：The lack of nineteenth-century national income figures for the small states of present-day Central and Eastern Europe hampers studies of long-term economic development in the region. This article fills the gap by using a proxy approach to estimate GDP per capita on the territories of the Habsburg successor states for the period 1870 to 1980. The results give added support for more optimistic interpretations of the region's performance under Habsburg rule. More importantly, they can be linked t...
作者：SUNDSTROM, WA
摘要：In both northern and southern cities of the United States, African-Americans faced a web of social constraints on such activities as housing, shopping, and everyday interpersonal interactions. Those constraints had implications for the labor market as well. In particular, norms against white subservience to blacks played an important role in determining the social composition of occupations. Close attention to the operation of such social norms can add much explanatory power to conventional ec...
作者：VERNON, JR
摘要：The United States economy completed its recovery from the Great Depression in 1942, restoring full-employment output in that year after 12 years of below-full-employment performance. Fiscal policies were not the most important factor in the 1933 through 1940 phase of the recovery, but they became the most important factor after 1940, when the recovery was less than half-complete. World War II fiscal policies were, then, instrumental in the overall restoration of full-employment performance.
