作者：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
作者：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
作者：Boston University
摘要：This article illustrates the impact of Jewish lenders on private credit markets and public finance in medieval and Renaissance Italian towns. In Tuscan private credit markets, Jewish lending helped households to smooth consumption, buy working capital, and provide dowries for daughters. Jewish lenders also helped the public finances of the communes in which they resided. This article shows that public-finance considerations affected the choice of the interest-rate ceiling Jews were allowed to ...
作者：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We examine the income of older men in London around 1930, based on a large sample. The income of nonworking older men was substantially below that of men still working. We find no evidence that retirement rates increased at the state-pensionable age-unsurprisingly, since pension payments provided less than a poverty-line income. Less demanding or part-time work was unavailable. Hence we conclude that the decision of older manual workers to leave the labor market was determined primarily by the...
作者：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
作者：University of New Mexico
作者：University of Houston System; University of Houston
