作者：University of Freiburg
作者：University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：Housing was a major item of English consumer expenditure. Yet little is known of its average quality or rental cost. I estimate average rents, constant-quality rents, and housing quality from 1550 to 1909. Constant-quality rents rose substantially relative to other costs of living during the Industrial Revolution. This probably explains why, despite rising real wages, housing quality appears to have declined from 1760 to 1860. There were, however, substantial quality gains in the eighteenth ce...
作者：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington
作者：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
作者：University System of Ohio; University of Toledo; University System of Ohio; University of Toledo
摘要：After beginning as a kind of outdoor poor relief, long-term indenture of poor children evolved into a specialized form of craft apprenticeship. Analysis of indenture terms indicates that relationships between end payments (freedom dues) and education and training clauses varied by region. In Boston, education and training clauses were associated negatively with freedom-dues clauses, but in Rhode Island and Charleston the relationship was positive. Variation in freedom dues to suit the needs of...
作者：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; California Institute of Technology
