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作者：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Southern California
摘要：This article presents a quantitative analysis of the geographic distribution of spending through the 1964 Economic Opportunity Act (EOA). Using newly assembled state- and county-level data, the results show that the Johnson administration directed funding in ways consistent with the War on Poverty's rhetoric of fighting poverty and racial discrimination: poorer areas and those with a greater share of nonwhite residents received systematically more funding. In contrast to New Deal spending, pol...
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作者：Johns Hopkins University; California State University System; California State University East Bay
摘要：Hollywood converted to sound in three years. In comparison, Hollywood's conversion to color required more than three decades, and included a three-year period in which the share of color movies declined from 58 to 31 percent. We investigate this puzzling adoption profile using detailed data on 7,022 movies between 1940 and 1959. These data indicate differences in studio size and complementarity between genre and color impeded the rapid diffusion of color. These data also indicate that disadopt...
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作者：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：The Zollverein was arguably the most important free trade agreement of the nineteenth century. Although 1834 is the official date of the Zollverein's establishment, member states joined in a non-random sequence over several decades because the benefits of becoming a member increased, both as the size of the union increased, and as membership in the union became increasingly important for accessing foreign markets. We incorporate the endogenous effects of accession into an estimate of the econo...
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作者：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; National Bureau of Economic Research; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Bush School of Government & Public Service
摘要：During the nineteenth century, the U.S. birthrate fell by half. While previous economic literature has emphasized demand-side explanations for this decline, many of these arguments are confounded by changes in the supply of technologies to control fertility. I exploit the introduction of state laws governing American women's access to abortion to measure the effect of changes in the supply of fertility technologies on the number of children born. I estimate an increase in the birthrate of 4 to...
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作者：University of Mannheim
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作者：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
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作者：Yale University
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作者：Yale University
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作者：Clemson University
摘要：This article analyses a new series of prices and wages stretching back to 1827 for the provinces of the Habsburg Empire. These real wage series are the first continuous and consistent indicator of changing living standards in this part of Europe during industrialization. They show that while the living standards stagnated throughout the monarchy prior to 1850s, the West ( unlike the East) was able to launch onto a path of continuous growth in the second half of the century. The empire experien...
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作者：Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick
