Science

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• Math and science scores down AI翻译
  作者：Langin, Katie
• Trump picks an 'outsider' and NIH critic to lead agency AI翻译
  作者：Kaiser, Jocelyn
• Storm warnings for FDA and CDC AI翻译
  作者：Couzin-Frankel, Jennifer; Jacobs, Phie
• A transient neurohormonal circuit controls hatching in fish AI翻译
  作者：Gajbhiye, Deodatta S.; Fernandes, Genevieve L.; Oz, Itay; Nahmias, Yuni; Golan, Matan
  作者单位：VOLCANI INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH; Hebrew University of Jerusalem
  摘要：Hatching is a critical event in the life history of oviparous species. The decision to hatch is often carefully timed to coincide with favorable conditions that will improve survival through early life stages. However, how the relevant cues are relayed to trigger hatching remains unknown. In this work, we show that thyrotropin-releasing hormone (Trh) is the neuroendocrine activator of hatching in zebrafish. To elicit hatching, Trh neurons form a transient circuit that deposits the peptide into...
• Imperfect wound healing sets the stage for chronic diseases AI翻译
  作者：Martin, Paul; Pardo-Pastor, Carlos; Jenkins, R. Gisli; Rosenblatt, Jody
  作者单位：University of Bristol; Pompeu Fabra University; Imperial College London; University of London; King's College London; Francis Crick Institute
  摘要：Although the age of the genome gave us much insight about how our organs fail with disease, it also suggested that diseases do not arise from mutations alone; rather, they develop as we age. In this Review, we examine how wound healing might act to ignite disease. Wound healing works well when we are younger, repairing damage from accidents, environmental assaults, and battles with pathogens. Yet, with age and accumulation of mutations and tissue damage, the repair process can devolve, leading...
• Engineering synthetic suppressor T cells that execute locally targeted immunoprotective programs AI翻译
  作者：Reddy, Nishith R.; Maachi, Hasna; Xiao, Yini; Simic, Milos S.; Yu, Wei; Tonai, Yurie; Cabanillas, Daniela A.; Serrano-Wu, Ella; Pauerstein, Philip T.; Tamaki, Whitney; Allen, Greg M.; Parent, Audrey V.; Hebrok, Matthias; Lim, Wendell A.
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; UCSF Medical Center; UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of California System; University of California San Francisco; Technical University of Munich; Technical University of Munich; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)
  摘要：Immune homeostasis requires a balance of inflammatory and suppressive activities. To design cells potentially useful for local immune suppression, we engineered conventional CD4+ T cells with synthetic Notch (synNotch) receptors driving antigen-triggered production of anti-inflammatory payloads. Screening a diverse library of suppression programs, we observed the strongest suppression of cytotoxic T cell attack by the production of both anti-inflammatory factors (interleukin-10, transforming g...
• Science aids Notre Dame's successful rebirth AI翻译
  作者：Brainard, Jeffrey
• Sun-like stars produce superflares roughly once per century AI翻译
  作者：Vasilyev, Valeriy; Reinhold, Timo; Shapiro, Alexander I.; Usoskin, Ilya; Krivova, Natalie A.; Maehara, Hiroyuki; Notsu, Yuta; Brun, Allan Sacha; Solanki, Sami K.; Gizon, Laurent
  作者单位：Max Planck Society; University of Graz; University of Oulu; University of Oulu; National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS) - Japan; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ); University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; National Solar Observatory; CEA; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite Paris Cite; University of Gottingen
  摘要：Stellar superflares are energetic outbursts of electromagnetic radiation that are similar to solar flares but release more energy, up to 10(36) erg on main-sequence stars. It is unknown whether the Sun can generate superflares and, if so, how often they might occur. We used photometry from the Kepler space observatory to investigate superflares on other stars with Sun-like fundamental parameters. We identified 2889 superflares on 2527 Sun-like stars, out of 56,450 observed. This detection rate...
• A neuronal gene that loops the loop AI翻译
  作者：Czarnecki, Kyle S.; Heller, Elizabeth A.
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
• El Salvador's misguided land use guidelines AI翻译
  作者：Crespin, Silvio J.; Alvarez, Francisco S.; Grimaldi, Sofia J.
  作者单位：Universidad de Santiago de Chile