Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

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• Growing recognition of post- acute infection syndromes AI翻译
  作者：Komaroff, Anthony L.
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital
• Accelerating countermeasure candidate discovery for A- series chemical warfare agent exposure AI翻译
  作者：Morato, Nicolas M.; Mason, Katelyn E.; Corzett, Todd H.; Valdez, Carlos A.; Alfaro, Teneile M.; Hok, Saphon; Cooks, R. Graham; Mayer, Brian P.
  作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Purdue University System; Purdue University
  摘要：The recent alleged use of A- series chemical warfare agents (CWAs) highlights the urgent need to better understand their inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes and the reported shortcomings of traditional oxime countermeasures. Here, using high- throughput (HT) mass spectrometry (MS) technologies, we characterized the largely unknown inhibition tion by oximes, achieving label- free quantitation at rates of up to 7,000 reactions per hour. Our findings indicate i) A- series agents exhibit inhibito...
• A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of gratitude interventions on well-being across cultures AI翻译
  作者：Choi, Hyewon; Cha, Youngjae; McCullough, Michael E.; Coles, Nicholas A.; Oishi, Shigehiro
  作者单位：Kyung Hee University; University of Chicago; University of California System; University of California San Diego; State University System of Florida; University of Florida
  摘要：Gratitude practice is a popular strategy for promoting happiness worldwide. However, is it equally effective for people from different cultural backgrounds? To answer this question, we conducted a preregistered meta-analysis on the effectiveness of gratitude interventions on well-being across cultures. Using data from 145 papers, 163 samples, 727 effect sizes, and 24,804 participants from 28 countries, we found that gratitude interventions led to small overall increases in well-being, Hedges' ...
• Strong strain dependence of friction in graphene kirigami allows engineering a negative coefficient of friction AI翻译
  作者：Juel, Mikkelmetzsch; Malthe-Sorenssen, Anders; Sveinsson, Henrik Andersen
  作者单位：University of Oslo; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow & Landscape Research
  摘要：The friction force typically increases linearly with normal load with a constant of proportionality called the coefficient of friction. Most materials exhibit a positive friction coefficient, so that an increase in the normal load leads to an increase in the friction force. Recently, materials with negative friction coefficients have been observed at meticulously constructed interfaces due to an interplay between superstructures at heterojunctions, out-of-plane buckling, or the ordering of thi...
• The impact of US assimilation and allotment policy on American Indian mortality AI翻译
  作者：Miller, Grant; Shane, Jack; Snipp, C. Matthew
  作者单位：Stanford Medicine; Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University; Stanford University
  摘要：In contrast to earlier US policies of open war, forcible removal, and relocation individually titled plots of land rather than members of collective tribes with communal land. Considerable scholarship shows that the consequences of the policy differed substantially from its stated goals, and by the time of its repeal in 1934, American Indians had lost two-thirds of all native land held in 1887 (86 million acres)-and nearly two-thirds of American Indians had become landless or unable to meet su...
• Controlling T cell-tumor cell interaction with a biomimetic physical barrier for cancer immunotherapy AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Yuxuan; Wang, Jinjin; Qing, Guangchao; Wang, Yongchao; Li, Xianlei; Luo, Ting; Wang, Yi - Feng; Liu, Lu; Wang, Yufei; Ni, Qiankun; Li, Shuyi; Chen, Junge; Li, Fangzhou; Guo, Weisheng; Zhang, Jinchao; Gong, Ningqiang; Liang, Xing - Jie
  作者单位：Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Center for Nanoscience & Technology, CAS; Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou Medical University; Hebei University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Science & Technology of China, CAS
  摘要：Cancer immunotherapy has shown tremendous promise in various cancers. However, current strategies, such as immune checkpoint blockade, primarily restore exhausted T cells but provide only transient efficacy, as the rapid clearance of antibodies. Their limited durability is further hindered by persistent T cell-tumor cell interactions that accelerate T cell exhaustion. To prevent T cells from sustained exposure to these interactions, we present a hydrogel-based biomimetic physical barrier (BPB)...
• OMT and tensor SVD-based deep learning model for segmentation and predicting genetic markers of glioma: A multicenter study AI翻译
  作者：Zhu, Zhengyang; Wang, Han; Li, Tiexiang; Huang, Tsung- Ming; Yang, Huiquan; Tao, Zhennan; Tan, Zhong-Heng; Zhou, Jianan; Chen, Sixuan; Ye, Meiping; Zhang, Zhiqiang; Li, Feng; Liu, Dongming; Wang, Maoxue; Lu, Jiaming; Zhang, Wen; Li, Xin; Chen, Qian; Jiang, Zhuoru; Chen, Futao; Zhang, Xin; Lin, Wen- Wei; Yau, Shing-Tung; Zhang, Bing
  作者单位：Nanjing University; Southeast University - China; Southeast University - China; Nanjing Center for Applied Mathematics; Shanghai Institute for Mathematics & Interdisciplinary Sciences; National Taiwan Normal University; Nanjing University; Nanjing University; Tsinghua University; Nanjing University; Nanjing University
  摘要：Glioma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor and preoperative genetic profiling is essential for the management of glioma patients. Our study focused on tumor regions segmentation and predicting the World Health Organization (WHO) grade, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation, and 1p/19q codeletion status using deep learning models on preoperative MRI. To achieve accurate tumor segmentation, we developed an optimal mass transport (OMT) approach to transform irregular MRI brain imag...
• An agenda for science communication research and practice AI翻译
  作者：Druckman, James N.; Ellenbogen, Kirsten M.; Scheufele, Dietram A.; Yanovitzky, Itzhak
  作者单位：University of Rochester; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; The Morgridge Institute for Research, Inc.; Rutgers University System; Rutgers University New Brunswick
  摘要：Science should not unilaterally dictate individuals' decisions or public policies. Yet, it provides a vital source of information for societies and individuals that can often improve outcomes and well-being. This requires, however, the effective communication of scientific information. We identify two paradigms for science communication. One focuses on dissemination, often seeking to inform, reframe, or correct beliefs. Another emphasizes participation and engagement with the goal of improving...
• Cosmic ray-driven electron-induced reaction theory quantifies spatiotemporal variations in lower-stratospheric ozone and temperature AI翻译
  作者：Lu, Qing- Bin
  作者单位：University of Waterloo; University of Waterloo; University of Waterloo
  摘要：Cosmic rays (CRs) play an important role in affecting planetary and interstellar climate and environment. Here, we apply the CR-driven electron-induced reaction (CRE) theory of ozone depletion to obtain a quantitative understanding of spatiotemporal variations in Earth's lower-stratospheric ozone (LSO) and temperature, which provide fingerprints for the mechanisms of ozone depletion and examine the impact of nonhalogen greenhouse gases on the ozone layer. We first show from observations that b...
• A degradable form of polyoma small T antigen reveals the high specificity of TAZ in regulating gene expression AI翻译
  作者：Wang, Yubao; Manokaran, Cherubin; Huang, Kevin; Schaffhausen, Brian; Roberts, Thomas M.
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; Tufts University
  摘要：The study of DNA tumor viruses has revolutionized cancer biology, partly by virtue of the unique capabilities of viral oncoproteins to manipulate key proteins and pathways involved in tumorigenesis. We find a high affinity and selective binding of the polyoma small T antigen (PyST) with the transcription cofactor TAZ. engineering a degradable version of PyST, we demonstrate that, when TAZ activity is modulated by PyST, a surprisingly small number of genes have altered expression and thus are c...