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作者：Leviner, Sagit
作者单位：United States Department of the Treasury
摘要：Recent developments in regulation and tax administration in Australia inspired this article on tax compliance and responsive regulation. This article analyzes the economics of crime and compliance as the dominant approach to tax enforcement of the past three and a half decades. it evaluates the key advantages and disadvantages of the economic approach as well as its application to tax. The article then explores responsive regulation as an alternative method that draws on the economic paradigm ...
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作者：Baldwin, Robert
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Emissions trading is the governmentally promoted hope for a sustainable world. In different contexts, trading regimes display varying potential-both in absolute terms and in comparison with other regulatory instruments. Emissions trading, however, is a device that raises urgent issues regarding its objectives, cost-effectiveness, fairness, transparency, and legitimacy. Its use places emphasis on its acceptability and the virtues of regulation that is lite because it is non-threatening to the m...
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作者：Hervey, Tamara K.
作者单位：University of Sheffield
摘要：In the face of permanent welfare austerity, the European Union (EU) is increasingly involved in the governance of health care through various new governance tools. This development coincides with a growing interest in modernization of welfare, including health care. One of the fundamental critiques of new governance in the EU context concerns the (perceived) inability of new governance to protect the social against the market in Europe's constitutional settlement. Using multi-level governance ...
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作者：Marx, Axel
作者单位：Universite Catholique Louvain
摘要：Non-state market regulation has become a central focus and continues to receive scholarly attention. The present paper provides an assessment of the conditions under which multinational firms join a multi-stakeholder certification initiative. The cases of the Fair labor Association and 17 international sport footwear companies have been selected for this purpose. A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of the 17 cases is performed. The paper argues that the combination of sustained NGO pressure and...
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作者：Halpern, Sydney
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital
摘要：New governance scholars see hybrid regulation as a means for achieving regulatory flexibility and responsiveness. The US system for overseeing human subjects research embodies three dimensions of hybridity: it brings together governmental and non-govern mental controls; it combines central and local authority; and it engages a multiplicity of policy actors. Yet this system became rigid 20 years into its development. Sources of rigidity included shifts in the regulatory environment, temporal co...
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作者：Feldman, Yuval; Lobel, Orly
作者单位：University of San Diego; Bar Ilan University
摘要：Social enforcement, the decentralized action by organizational actors of monitoring, identifying, and reporting legal violations, is widely recognized as a key factor in ensuring good governance. This article reports on an experimental survey conducted in the US and Israel examining the behavior of individuals when confronting workplace unlawful conduct. The study provides novel insights into the relationships between state based, organization based, and employee based enforcement. It finds th...
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作者：Bennear, Lori S.
作者单位：Duke University
摘要：Environmental right-to-know regulations require regulated entities to publicly disclose measures of environmental performance but exempt entities from these disclosure requirements if they manufacture, process, or use a chemical below some threshold level. Environmental right-to-know data are widely used to assess environmental performance by academics, regulators, non-profit organizations, and the public. This paper uses data from Massachusetts to estimate the effect of reporting thresholds i...
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作者：Black, Julia
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Economic & Social Research Council (ESRC); University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：The legitimacy and accountability of polycentric regulatory regimes, particularly at the transnational level, has been severely criticized, and the search is on to find ways in which they can be enhanced. This paper argues that before developing even more proposals, we need to pay far greater attention to the dynamics of accountability and legitimacy relationships, and to how those in regulatory regimes respond to them. The article thus first seeks to develop a closer analysis of three key ele...
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作者：Burris, Scott
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Temple University
摘要：Under US regulations known as the Common Rule, federally-supported human-subject research must be reviewed by an Institutional Review Board (IRB). The Common Rule system from a distance looks like an innovative instantiation of prescriptions for constitutive regulation and soft law, but in practice has grown into a self-referential, unresponsive, and legalistic bureaucracy. This article reviews criticism of the Common Rule. It also discusses why the system fails to regulate in an efficient and...
