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作者：Prado, Mariana Mota
作者单位：University of Toronto
摘要：This paper explores hypotheses that could explain both the creation of independent regulatory agencies (IRAs) in Brazil, and the differences in the design of the Brazilian IRAs in the telecommunications and electricity sectors. To formulate specific hypotheses that make sense of the Brazilian case, the paper critically interrogates the weak state hypothesis and the political bias hypothesis. The first argues that countries with flawed governance structures, such as Latin American countries, ar...
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作者：Boerzel, Tanja A.
作者单位：Free University of Berlin
摘要：Most students of the EU agree by now that it is best described as a governance system. There is far less consensus on what kind of governance the EU actually features: modern, postmodern, network, cooperative, innovative or simply new? Sabel and Zeitlin have advanced yet another concept. This paper discusses the added value of their experimentalist governance (EG), as presented in an edited volume published in 2010, for understanding and explaining the nature of EU policymaking, addressing fou...
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作者：Black, Julia; Baldwin, Robert
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：Risk-based regulation is becoming a familiar regulatory strategy in a wide range of areas and countries. Regulatory attention tends to focus, at least initially, on high risks but low-risk regulatees or activities tend to form the bulk of the regulated population. This article asks why regulators need to address low risks and it outlines the potential difficulties that such risks present. It then considers how regulators tend to deal with lower risks in practice. A body of literature and surve...
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作者：Eckert, Sandra; Boerzel, Tanja A.
作者单位：University of Mannheim; University Osnabruck; Free University of Berlin
摘要：This symposium critically engages with the volume Experimentalist Governance in the European Union: Towards a New Architecture (2010), edited by Charles F. Sabel and Jonathan Zeitlin. Experimentalist Governance (EG) opens up an original theoretical perspective on the emergent governance architecture of the EU and sheds new light on developments in key policy sectors. This symposium brings together a transatlantic group of distinguished political scientists and legal scholars to discuss the add...
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作者：Thiruvengadam, Arun K.; Joshi, Piyush
作者单位：National University of Singapore
摘要：This article addresses regulatory reforms in the Indian telecommunications sector and emphasizes the role of the Indian judiciary. Our claim is that when confronted with a series of disputes relating to the nascent telecom regulatory landscape, the Supreme Court of India sought to make a constructive contribution to both the actual disputes as well as the overall regulatory framework. Our reading of these cases suggests that in the sphere of telecom, the Supreme Court has been less interested ...
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作者：Verdun, Amy
作者单位：University of Victoria
摘要：Sabel and Zeitlin's Experimentalist Governance offers an insight into European governance in those cases where the EU institutions do not have clear competence and where member states are not prepared to accept a unified policy on a problem at hand. Experimentalist Governance identifies four steps of action: agree on common goals, have lower levels propose ways to meet goals, then report on their meeting of goals, and, finally, periodically reevaluate the review procedures. By looking at the d...
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作者：Berliner, Daniel; Prakash, Aseem
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：Norms shape policy when they get translated into concrete programs. What if a widely shared norm gets translated into a weak program? How might this influence the program's legitimacy? We examine these issues in the context of the United Nations Global Compact, a voluntary program that embodies the widely shared norm of corporate responsibility. While both international intergovernmental organization (IGO) and international non-governmental organization (INGO) networks support this norm, they ...
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作者：Lederer, Markus
作者单位：Technical University of Darmstadt
摘要：Proponents as well as critics of carbon trading underestimate the institutional and political underpinnings of evolving carbon markets. Based on institutionalist approaches, this paper argues that the strong embeddedness of carbon markets explains why certain characteristics (positive and negative) materialize. Focusing on the actors who initiate and who influence carbon markets, this article also shows that currently only states and intergovernmental agreements provide the necessary regulatio...
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作者：Albalate, Daniel; Bel, Germa; Calzada, Joan
作者单位：University of Barcelona
摘要：Mixed delivery of public services is gaining increasing attention as a way for public managers to avoid deciding between a purely public and purely private delivery system. The unusual coexistence of public and private operators in the urban bus market in Barcelona provides an interesting context in which to analyze the challenges and opportunities posed by this system. Competition for concessions among private operators and the regulation of concessionaires generate incentives to improve effi...
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作者：Steinlin, Simon; Trampusch, Christine
作者单位：University of Cologne; University of Bern
摘要：Using the MahoneyThelen causal model one would expect layering to be the dominant kind of institutional change affecting Swiss banking secrecy. Our research into governance in Swiss banking shows that it does not fit this theoretical model. Applying deviant case analysis we have refined our understanding of institutional change. We argue that the removal of rules and the momentum of pressure should be acknowledged when explaining variations of institutional change and we suggest that the proce...
