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作者：Wolock, C. J.; Gilbert, P. B.; Simon, N.; Carone, M.
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
摘要：Given a collection of features available for inclusion in a predictive model, it may be of interest to quantify the relative importance of a subset of features for the prediction task at hand. For example, in HIV vaccine trials, participant baseline characteristics are used to predict the probability of HIV acquisition over the intended follow-up period, and investigators may wish to understand how much certain types of predictors, such as behavioural factors, contribute to overall predictiven...
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作者：Ding, Xiucai; Zhou, Zhou
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; University of Toronto
摘要：For stationary time series, it is common to use plots of the partial autocorrelation function (PACF) or PACF-based tests to explore the temporal dependence structure of the process. To the best of our knowledge, analogues for nonstationary time series have not yet been fully developed. This article aims to fill this gap for locally stationary time series with short-range dependence. First, we characterize the PACF locally in the time domain and show that the jth PACF decays with j at a rate th...
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作者：Wang, Yudong; Tong, Jiayi; Hu, Xiangbin; Ye, Zhi-Sheng; Tang, Cheng Yong; Chen, Yong
作者单位：National University of Singapore; University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Medicine; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Temple University
摘要：Disease registry data provide important information on the progression of disease conditions. However, reports of death or drop-out of patients enrolled in the registry are always subject to a noticeable delay. Reporting delays, together with the administrative censoring that arises from a freeze date in data collection, lead to two layers of right censoring in the data. The first layer results from random drop-out and acts on the survival time. The second layer is the administrative censoring...
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作者：Liang, Tengyuan; Recht, Benjamin
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：For decades, $ N $-of-1 experiments, where a unit serves as its own control and treatment in different time windows, have been used in certain medical contexts. However, due to effects that accumulate over long time windows and interventions that have complex evolution, a lack of robust inference tools has limited the widespread applicability of such $ N $-of-1 designs. This work combines techniques from experimental design in causal inference and system identification from control theory to p...
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作者：Gao, Chenyin; Yang, Shu; Shan, Mingyang; Ye, Wenyu; Lipkovich, Ilya; Faries, Douglas
作者单位：North Carolina State University; Eli Lilly; Lilly Research Laboratories
摘要：In recent years, real-world external controls have grown in popularity as a tool to empower randomized placebo-controlled trials, particularly in rare diseases or cases where balanced randomization is unethical or impractical. However, as external controls are not always comparable to the trials, direct borrowing without scrutiny may heavily bias the treatment effect estimator. Our paper proposes a data-adaptive integrative framework capable of preventing unknown biases of the external control...
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作者：Qu, Tianyi; Du, Jiangchuan; Li, Xinran
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Chicago
摘要：Randomized experiments have been the gold standard for drawing causal inference. The conventional model-based approach has been one of the most popular methods of analysing treatment effects from randomized experiments, which is often carried out through inference for certain model parameters. In this paper, we provide a systematic investigation of model-based analyses for treatment effects under the randomization-based inference framework. This framework does not impose any distributional ass...
