465期

最新文章

• On the statistical analysis of smoothing by maximizing dirty Markov random field posterior distributions AI翻译
  作者：Sardy, S; Tseng, P
  作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
  摘要：We consider Bayesian nonpararnetric function estimation using a Markov random field prior based on the Laplace distribution. We describe efficient methods for finding the exact maximum a posteriori estimate, which handle constraints naturally and avoid the problems posed by nondifferentiability of the posterior distribution; the methods also make links to spline and wavelet smoothers and to a dual posterior distribution. Three automatic smoothing parameter selection procedures are described: e...
• Causal models for randomized physician encouragement trials in treating primary care depression AI翻译
  作者：Ten Have, TR; Elliott, MR; Joffe, M; Zanutto, E; Datto, C
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
  摘要：This article addresses unique causal issues in the context of a randomized study on improving adherence to best practice guidelines by primary care physicians (PCP's) in treating their depressed patients. The study assessed an encouragement strategy to improve PCP guideline adherence. In this context. we compare two causal approaches: the conditional-compliance (CC) Bayesian latent class and the conditional-observable (CO) structural mean model methods. The CC methods estimate contrasts betwee...
• Dose-finding based on multiple toxicities in a soft tissue sarcoma trial AI翻译
  作者：Bekele, BN; Thall, PF
  作者单位：University of Texas System; UTMD Anderson Cancer Center
  摘要：The scientific goal of a phase I oncology trial of a new chemotherapeutic agent is to find a dose with an acceptable level of toxicity. For ethical reasons, dose-finding is done adaptively, with doses chosen for successive cohorts of patients based on the data obtained from previous cohorts. Typically. patients are at risk for several qualitatively different toxicities, each occurring at several possible severity levels. In this article, we describe how we addressed the dose-finding problem in...
• Methods and criteria for model selection AI翻译
  作者：Kadane, JB; Lazar, NA
  作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University
  摘要：Model selection is an important part of any statistical analysis and, indeed, is central to the pursuit of science in general. Many authors have examined the question of model selection from both frequentist and Bayesian perspectives, and many tools for selecting the best model have been suggested in the literature. This paper considers the various proposals from a Bayesian decision-theoretic perspective.
• Computational methods for multiplicative intensity models using weighted gamma processes: Proportional hazards, marked point processes, and panel count data AI翻译
  作者：Ishwaran, H; James, LF
  作者单位：Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
  摘要：We develop computational procedures for a class of Bayesian nonparametric and semiparametric multiplicative intensity models incorporating kernel mixtures of spatial weighted gamma measures. A key feature of our approach is that explicit expressions for posterior distributions of these models share many common structural features with the posterior distributions of Bayesian hierarchical models using the Dirichlet process. Using this fact, along with an approximation for the weighted gamma proc...
• Methodology for evaluating a partially controlled longitudinal treatment using principal stratification, with application to a needle exchange program AI翻译
  作者：Frangakis, CE; Brookmeyer, RS; Varadhan, R; Safaeian, M; Vlahov, D; Strathdee, SA
  作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; New York Academy of Medicine
  摘要：We consider studies for evaluating the short-term effect of a treatment of interest on a time-to-event outcome. The studies we consider are partially controlled in the following sense: (I) Subjects' exposure to the treatment of interest can vary over time, but this exposure is not directly controlled by the study; (2) subjects' follow-up time is not directly controlled by the study; and (3) the study directly controls another factor that can affect subjects' exposure to the treatment of intere...
• Large-scale simultaneous hypothesis testing: The choice of a null hypothesis AI翻译
  作者：Efron, B
  作者单位：Stanford University
  摘要：Current scientific techniques in genomics and image processing routinely produce hypothesis testing problems with hundreds or thousands of cases to consider simultaneously. This poses new difficulties for the statistician, but also opens new opportunities. In particular, it allows empirical estimation of an appropriate null hypothesis. The empirical null may be considerably more dispersed than the usual theoretical null distribution that would be used for any one case considered separately. An...
• Does the statistics profession have an identity crisis? AI翻译
  作者：Mason, RL
  作者单位：Southwest Research Institute
  摘要：The field of statistics has numerous areas of application and many positive attributes. Various companies and organizations around the world have chosen not only to adopt statistical tools, but also to integrate them into their associated work and ultimately into their decision making processes. Consequently, the value of statistics as a quantitative tool of importance to society appears to be continually increasing. In contrast, statisticians are less visible to society, and their importance ...
• Bayesian survival analysis with nonproportional hazards: Metanalysis of combination pravastatin-aspirin AI翻译
  作者：Berry, SM; Berry, DA; Natarajan, K; Lin, CS; Hennekens, CH; Belder, R
  作者单位：Berry Consultants, LLC; University of Texas System; UTMD Anderson Cancer Center; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Bristol-Myers Squibb; University of Miami
  摘要：Both pravastatin and aspirin are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. This article describes statistical analyses used for a successful submission to the FDA that contends that copackaging pravastatin and aspirin provides a health benefit. From the efficacy perspective this is taken to mean that the combination is more effective than either agent considered alone. We present three Bayesian hierarchical survival models and ap...
• Monte Carlo smoothing for nonlinear time series AI翻译
  作者：Godsill, SJ; Doucet, A; West, M
  作者单位：University of Cambridge; Duke University
  摘要：We develop methods for performing smoothing computations in general state-space models. The methods rely on a particle representation of the filtering distributions, and their evolution through time using sequential importance sampling and resampling ideas. In particular, novel techniques are presented for generation of sample realizations of historical state sequences. This is carried out in a forward-filtering backward-smoothing procedure that can be viewed as the nonlinear, non-Gaussian cou...