-
作者：Berry, SM; Berry, DA; Natarajan, K; Lin, CS; Hennekens, CH; Belder, R
作者单位：Berry Consultants, LLC; University of Texas System; UTMD Anderson Cancer Center; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Bristol-Myers Squibb; University of Miami
摘要：Both pravastatin and aspirin are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. This article describes statistical analyses used for a successful submission to the FDA that contends that copackaging pravastatin and aspirin provides a health benefit. From the efficacy perspective this is taken to mean that the combination is more effective than either agent considered alone. We present three Bayesian hierarchical survival models and ap...
-
作者：Godsill, SJ; Doucet, A; West, M
作者单位：University of Cambridge; Duke University
摘要：We develop methods for performing smoothing computations in general state-space models. The methods rely on a particle representation of the filtering distributions, and their evolution through time using sequential importance sampling and resampling ideas. In particular, novel techniques are presented for generation of sample realizations of historical state sequences. This is carried out in a forward-filtering backward-smoothing procedure that can be viewed as the nonlinear, non-Gaussian cou...
-
作者：Fan, JQ; Li, R
作者单位：Princeton University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park
摘要：Semiparametric regression models are very useful for longitudinal data analysis. The complexity of semiparametric models and the structure of longitudinal data pose new challenges to parametric inferences and model selection that frequently arise from longitudinal data analysis. In this article, two new approaches are proposed for estimating the regression coefficients in a semiparametric model. The asymptotic normality of the resulting estimators is established. An innovative class of variabl...
-
作者：Wang, YG; Carey, VJ
作者单位：Harvard University; National University of Singapore; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School
摘要：The method of generalized estimating equation-, (GEEs) has been criticized recently for a failure to protect against misspecification of working correlation models, which in some cases leads to loss of efficiency or infeasibility of solutions. However, the feasibility and efficiency of GEE methods can be enhanced considerably by using flexible families of working correlation models. We propose two ways of constructing unbiased estimating equations from general correlation models for irregularl...
-
作者：De Valpine, P
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Maximum likelihood estimation and likelihood ratio tests for nonlinear. non-Gaussian state-space models require numerical integration for likelihood calculations. Several methods, including Monte Carlo (MC) expectation maximization, MC likelihood ratios, direct MC integration. and particle filter likelihoods. are inefficient for the motivating problem of stage-structured population dynamics models in experimental settings. An MC kernel likelihood (MCKL) method is presented that estimates class...
-
作者：Eppstein, D
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine
-
作者：Mizera, I; Müller, CH
作者单位：University of Alberta; Carl von Ossietzky Universitat Oldenburg
摘要：This article introduces a halfspace depth in the location-scale model that is along the lines of the general theory given by Mizera, based on the idea of Rousseeuw and Hubert, and is complemented by a new likelihood-based principle for designing criterial functions. The most tractable version of the proposed depth-the Student depth-turns Out to be nothing but the bivariate halfspace depth interpreted in the Poincare plane model of the Lobachevski geometry. This fact implies many fortuitous the...
-
作者：Iyer, HK; Wang, CMJ; Mathew, T
作者单位：Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins; National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) - USA; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Baltimore
摘要：We consider the one-way random-effects model with unequal sample sizes and heterogeneous variances. Using the method of generalized confidence intervals. we develop a new confidence interval procedure for the mean. Additionally, we investigate two alternative models based on different sets of assumptions regarding between-group variability and derive generalized confidence interval procedures for the mean. These procedures are applicable to small samples. Statistical simulation is used to demo...
-
作者：Tan, ZQ
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
摘要：The use of estimating equations has been a common approach for constructing Monte Carlo estimators. Recently, Kong et al. proposed a formulation of Monte Carlo integration as a statistical model, making explicit what information is ignored and what is retained about the baseline measure. From simulated data, the baseline measure is estimated by maximum likelihood, and then integrals of interest are estimated by substituting the estimated measure. For two different situations in which independe...
-
作者：Ishwaran, H; Blackstone, EH; Pothier, CE; Lauer, MS
作者单位：Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland Clinic Foundation
摘要：Recent studies have confirmed heart rate fall after treadmill exercise testing, or heart rate recovery, as a powerful predictor of mortality from heart disease. Heart rate recovery depends on central reactivation of vagal tone and decreased vagal activity is a risk factor for death. If heart rate recovery is defined as the fall in heart rate after I minute following peak exercise, then a heart rate recovery value of 12 beats per minute (bpm) or lower has been shown to be a good prognostic thre...
