533期

最新文章

• Toward Optimal Fingerprinting in Detection and Attribution of Changes in Climate Extremes AI翻译
  作者：Wang, Zhuo; Jiang, Yujing; Wan, Hui; Yan, Jun; Zhang, Xuebin
  作者单位：Shenzhen University; Colorado State University System; Colorado State University Fort Collins; Environment & Climate Change Canada; University of Connecticut
  摘要：Detection and attribution of climate change plays a central role in establishing the causal relationship between the observed changes in the climate and their possible causes. Optimal fingerprinting has been widely used as a standard method for detection and attribution analysis for mean climate conditions, but there has been no satisfactory analog for climate extremes. Here, we turn an intuitive concept, which incorporates the expected climate responses to external forcings into the location ...
• Reinforced Designs: Multiple Instruments Plus Control Groups as Evidence Factors in an Observational Study of the Effectiveness of Catholic Schools AI翻译
  作者：Karmakar, Bikram; Small, Dylan S.; Rosenbaum, Paul R.
  作者单位：State University System of Florida; University of Florida; University of Pennsylvania
  摘要：Absent randomization, causal conclusions gain strength if several independent evidence factors concur. We develop a method for constructing evidence factors from several instruments plus a direct comparison of treated and control groups, and we evaluate the methods performance in terms of design sensitivity and simulation. In the application, we consider the effectiveness of Catholic versus public high schools, constructing three evidence factors from three past strategies for studying this qu...
• Handbook of Spatial Epidemiology AI翻译
  作者：Moraga, Paula
  作者单位：King Abdullah University of Science & Technology
• Brain Regions Identified as Being Associated With Verbal Reasoning Through the Use of Imaging Regression via Internal Variation AI翻译
  作者：Feng, Long; Bi, Xuan; Zhang, Heping
  作者单位：Yale University; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
  摘要：Brain-imaging data have been increasingly used to understand intellectual disabilities. Despite significant progress in biomedical research, the mechanisms for most of the intellectual disabilities remain unknown. Finding the underlying neurological mechanisms has proved difficult, especially in children due to the rapid development of their brains. We investigate verbal reasoning, which is a reliable measure of an individual's general intellectual abilities, and develop a class of high-order ...
• Doubly Robust Estimation of Optimal Dosing Strategies AI翻译
  作者：Schulz, Juliana; Moodie, Erica E. M.
  作者单位：Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal; McGill University
  摘要：The goal of precision medicine is to tailor treatment strategies on an individual patient level. Although several estimation techniques have been developed for determining optimal treatment rules, the majority of methods focus on the case of a dichotomous treatment, an example being the dynamic weighted ordinary least squares regression approach of Wallace and Moodie. We propose an extension to the aforementioned framework to allow for a continuous treatment with the ultimate goal of estimatin...
• Discussion of Cui and Tchetgen Tchetgen (2020) and Qiu et al. (2020) AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Bo; Pu, Hongming
  作者单位：University of Pennsylvania
• Triplet Matching for Estimating Causal Effects With Three Treatment Arms: A Comparative Study of Mortality by Trauma Center Level AI翻译
  作者：Nattino, Giovanni; Lu, Bo; Shi, Junxin; Lemeshow, Stanley; Xiang, Henry
  作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Nationwide Childrens Hospital; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; University System of Ohio; Ohio State University
  摘要：Comparing outcomes across different levels of trauma centers is vital in evaluating regionalized trauma care. With observational data, it is critical to adjust for patient characteristics to render valid causal comparisons. Propensity score matching is a popular method to infer causal relationships in observational studies with two treatment arms. Few studies, however, have used matching designs with more than two groups, due to the complexity of matching algorithms. We fill the gap by develop...
• Modeling and Regionalization of China's PM2.5 Using Spatial-Functional Mixture Models AI翻译
  作者：Liang, Decai; Zhang, Haozhe; Chang, Xiaohui; Huang, Hui
  作者单位：Peking University; Peking University; Nankai University; Microsoft; Oregon State University; Sun Yat Sen University
  摘要：Severe air pollution affects billions of people around the world, particularly in developing countries such as China. Effective emission control policies rely primarily on a proper assessment of air pollutants and accurate spatial clustering outcomes. Unfortunately, emission patterns are difficult to observe as they are highly confounded by many meteorological and geographical factors. In this study, we propose a novel approach for modeling and clustering PM2.5 concentrations across China. We ...
• Robust Q-Learning AI翻译
  作者：Ertefaie, Ashkan; McKay, James R.; Oslin, David; Strawderman, Robert L.
  作者单位：University of Rochester; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania
  摘要：Q-learning is a regression-based approach that is widely used to formalize the development of an optimal dynamic treatment strategy. Finite dimensional working models are typically used to estimate certain nuisance parameters, and misspecification of these working models can result in residual confounding and/or efficiency loss. We propose a robust Q-learning approach which allows estimating such nuisance parameters using data-adaptive techniques. We study the asymptotic behavior of our estima...