2019

最新文章

• A NONPARAMETRIC SPATIAL TEST TO IDENTIFY FACTORS THAT SHAPE A MICROBIOME AI翻译
  作者：Singh, Susheela P.; Staicu, Ana-Maria; Dunn, Robert R.; Fierer, Noah; Reich, Brian J.
  作者单位：North Carolina State University
  摘要：The advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies has made data from DNA material readily available, leading to a surge of microbiome-related research establishing links between markers of microbiome health and specific outcomes. However, to harness the power of microbial communities we must understand not only how they affect us, but also how they can be influenced to improve outcomes. This area has been dominated by methods that reduce community composition to summary metrics, which can ...
• BAYESIAN METHODS FOR MULTIPLE MEDIATORS: RELATING PRINCIPAL STRATIFICATION AND CAUSAL MEDIATION IN THE ANALYSIS OF POWER PLANT EMISSION CONTROLS AI翻译
  作者：Kim, Chanmin; Daniels, Michael J.; Hogan, Joseph W.; Choirat, Christine; Zigler, Corwin M.
  作者单位：Boston University; State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Brown University; University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
  摘要：Emission control technologies installed on power plants are a key feature of many air pollution regulations in the US. While such regulations are predicated on the presumed relationships between emissions, ambient air pollution and human health, many of these relationships have never been empirically verified. The goal of this paper is to develop new statistical methods to quantify these relationships. We frame this problem as one of mediation analysis to evaluate the extent to which the effec...
• RADIO-IBAG: RADIOMICS-BASED INTEGRATIVE BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLATFORM GENOMIC DATA AI翻译
  作者：Zhang, Youyi; Morris, Jeffrey S.; Aerry, Shivali Narang; Rao, Arvind U. K.; Baladandayuthapani, Veerabhadran
  作者单位：University of Texas System; UTMD Anderson Cancer Center; Johns Hopkins University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
  摘要：Technological innovations have produced large multi-modal datasets that include imaging and multi-platform genomics data. Integrative analyses of such data have the potential to reveal important biological and clinical insights into complex diseases like cancer. In this paper, we present Bayesian approaches for integrative analysis of radiological imaging and multi-platform genomic data, where-in our goals are to simultaneously identify genomic and radiomic, that is, radiology-based imaging ma...
• OBLIQUE RANDOM SURVIVAL FORESTS AI翻译
  作者：Jaeger, Byron C.; Long, D. Leann; Long, Dustin M.; Sims, Mario; Szychowski, Jeff M.; Min, Yuan-, I; Mcclure, Leslie A.; Howard, George; Simon, Noah
  作者单位：University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Birmingham; University of Mississippi Medical Center; University of Mississippi; Drexel University; University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle
  摘要：We introduce and evaluate the oblique random survival forest (ORSF). The ORSF is an ensemble method for right-censored survival data that uses linear combinations of input variables to recursively partition a set of training data. Regularized Cox proportional hazard models are used to identify linear combinations of input variables in each recursive partitioning step. Benchmark results using simulated and real data indicate that the ORSF's predicted risk function has high prognostic value in c...
• IMPUTATION AND POST-SELECTION INFERENCE IN MODELS WITH MISSING DATA: AN APPLICATION TO COLORECTAL CANCER SURVEILLANCE GUIDELINES AI翻译
  作者：Liu, Lin; Qiu, Yuqi; Natarajan, Loki; Messer, Karen
  作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
  摘要：It is common to encounter missing data among the potential predictor variables in the setting of model selection. For example, in a recent study we attempted to improve the US guidelines for risk stratification after screening colonoscopy (Cancer Causes Control 27 (2016) 1175-1185), with the aim to help reduce both overuse and underuse of follow-on surveillance colonoscopy. The goal was to incorporate selected additional informative variables into a neoplasia risk-prediction model, going beyon...
• AN ALGORITHM FOR REMOVING SENSITIVE INFORMATION: APPLICATION TO RACE-INDEPENDENT RECIDIVISM PREDICTION AI翻译
  作者：Johndrow, James E.; Lum, Kristian
  作者单位：Stanford University
  摘要：Predictive modeling is increasingly being employed to assist human decision-makers. One purported advantage of replacing or augmenting human judgment with computer models in high stakes settings-such as sentencing, hiring, policing, college admissions, and parole decisions-is the perceived neutrality of computers. It is argued that because computer models do not hold personal prejudice, the predictions they produce will be equally free from prejudice. There is growing recognition that employin...
• THE ROLE OF MASTERY LEARNING IN AN INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYSTEM: PRINCIPAL STRATIFICATION ON A LATENT VARIABLE AI翻译
  作者：Sales, Adam C.; Pane, John F.
  作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; RAND Corporation
  摘要：Students in Algebra I classrooms typically learn at different rates and struggle at different points in the curriculum-a common challenge for math teachers. Cognitive Tutor Algebra I (CTA1), an educational computer program, addresses such student heterogeneity via what they term mastery learning, where students progress from one section of the curriculum to the next by demonstrating appropriate mastery at each stage. However, when students are unable to master a section's skills even after try...
• CAUSAL INFERENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF AN ERROR PRONE EXPOSURE: AIR POLLUTION AND MORTALITY AI翻译
  作者：Wu, Xiao; Braun, Danielle; Kioumourtzoglou, Marianthi-Anna; Choirat, Christine; Di, Qian; Dominici, Francesca
  作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Columbia University
  摘要：We propose a new approach for estimating causal effects when the exposure is measured with error and confounding adjustment is performed via a generalized propensity score (GPS). Using validation data, we propose a regression calibration (RC)-based adjustment for a continuous error-prone exposure combined with GPS to adjust for confounding (RC-GPS). The outcome analysis is conducted after transforming the corrected continuous exposure into a categorical exposure. We consider confounding adjust...
• MICROSIMULATION MODEL CALIBRATION USING INCREMENTAL MIXTURE APPROXIMATE BAYESIAN COMPUTATION AI翻译
  作者：Rutter, Carolyn M.; Ozik, Jonathan; DeYoreo, Maria; Collier, Nicholson
  作者单位：RAND Corporation; University of Chicago; United States Department of Energy (DOE); Argonne National Laboratory
  摘要：Microsimulation models (MSMs) are used to inform policy by predicting population-level outcomes under different scenarios. MSMs simulate individual-level event histories that mark the disease process (such as the development of cancer) and the effect of policy actions (such as screening) on these events. MSMs often have many unknown parameters; calibration is the process of searching the parameter space to select parameters that result in accurate MSM prediction of a wide range of targets. We ...